Deep Neural Networks in a Mathematical Framework


Book Description

This SpringerBrief describes how to build a rigorous end-to-end mathematical framework for deep neural networks. The authors provide tools to represent and describe neural networks, casting previous results in the field in a more natural light. In particular, the authors derive gradient descent algorithms in a unified way for several neural network structures, including multilayer perceptrons, convolutional neural networks, deep autoencoders and recurrent neural networks. Furthermore, the authors developed framework is both more concise and mathematically intuitive than previous representations of neural networks. This SpringerBrief is one step towards unlocking the black box of Deep Learning. The authors believe that this framework will help catalyze further discoveries regarding the mathematical properties of neural networks.This SpringerBrief is accessible not only to researchers, professionals and students working and studying in the field of deep learning, but also to those outside of the neutral network community.




Algorithms for Verifying Deep Neural Networks


Book Description

Neural networks have been widely used in many applications, such as image classification and understanding, language processing, and control of autonomous systems. These networks work by mapping inputs to outputs through a sequence of layers. At each layer, the input to that layer undergoes an affine transformation followed by a simple nonlinear transformation before being passed to the next layer. Neural networks are being used for increasingly important tasks, and in some cases, incorrect outputs can lead to costly consequences, hence validation of correctness at each layer is vital. The sheer size of the networks makes this not feasible using traditional methods. In this monograph, the authors survey a class of methods that are capable of formally verifying properties of deep neural networks. In doing so, they introduce a unified mathematical framework for verifying neural networks, classify existing methods under this framework, provide pedagogical implementations of existing methods, and compare those methods on a set of benchmark problems. Algorithms for Verifying Deep Neural Networks serves as a tutorial for students and professionals interested in this emerging field as well as a benchmark to facilitate the design of new verification algorithms.




Hands-On Mathematics for Deep Learning


Book Description

A comprehensive guide to getting well-versed with the mathematical techniques for building modern deep learning architectures Key FeaturesUnderstand linear algebra, calculus, gradient algorithms, and other concepts essential for training deep neural networksLearn the mathematical concepts needed to understand how deep learning models functionUse deep learning for solving problems related to vision, image, text, and sequence applicationsBook Description Most programmers and data scientists struggle with mathematics, having either overlooked or forgotten core mathematical concepts. This book uses Python libraries to help you understand the math required to build deep learning (DL) models. You'll begin by learning about core mathematical and modern computational techniques used to design and implement DL algorithms. This book will cover essential topics, such as linear algebra, eigenvalues and eigenvectors, the singular value decomposition concept, and gradient algorithms, to help you understand how to train deep neural networks. Later chapters focus on important neural networks, such as the linear neural network and multilayer perceptrons, with a primary focus on helping you learn how each model works. As you advance, you will delve into the math used for regularization, multi-layered DL, forward propagation, optimization, and backpropagation techniques to understand what it takes to build full-fledged DL models. Finally, you’ll explore CNN, recurrent neural network (RNN), and GAN models and their application. By the end of this book, you'll have built a strong foundation in neural networks and DL mathematical concepts, which will help you to confidently research and build custom models in DL. What you will learnUnderstand the key mathematical concepts for building neural network modelsDiscover core multivariable calculus conceptsImprove the performance of deep learning models using optimization techniquesCover optimization algorithms, from basic stochastic gradient descent (SGD) to the advanced Adam optimizerUnderstand computational graphs and their importance in DLExplore the backpropagation algorithm to reduce output errorCover DL algorithms such as convolutional neural networks (CNNs), sequence models, and generative adversarial networks (GANs)Who this book is for This book is for data scientists, machine learning developers, aspiring deep learning developers, or anyone who wants to understand the foundation of deep learning by learning the math behind it. Working knowledge of the Python programming language and machine learning basics is required.




Math and Architectures of Deep Learning


Book Description

Math and Architectures of Deep Learning bridges the gap between theory and practice, laying out the math of deep learning side by side with practical implementations in Python and PyTorch. You'll peer inside the "black box" to understand how your code is working, and learn to comprehend cutting-edge research you can turn into practical applications. Math and Architectures of Deep Learning sets out the foundations of DL usefully and accessibly to working practitioners. Each chapter explores a new fundamental DL concept or architectural pattern, explaining the underpinning mathematics and demonstrating how they work in practice with well-annotated Python code. You'll start with a primer of basic algebra, calculus, and statistics, working your way up to state-of-the-art DL paradigms taken from the latest research. Learning mathematical foundations and neural network architecture can be challenging, but the payoff is big. You'll be free from blind reliance on pre-packaged DL models and able to build, customize, and re-architect for your specific needs. And when things go wrong, you'll be glad you can quickly identify and fix problems.




Mathematical Methods for Neural Network Analysis and Design


Book Description

For convenience, many of the proofs of the key theorems have been rewritten so that the entire book uses a relatively uniform notion.




Neural Networks with R


Book Description

Uncover the power of artificial neural networks by implementing them through R code. About This Book Develop a strong background in neural networks with R, to implement them in your applications Build smart systems using the power of deep learning Real-world case studies to illustrate the power of neural network models Who This Book Is For This book is intended for anyone who has a statistical background with knowledge in R and wants to work with neural networks to get better results from complex data. If you are interested in artificial intelligence and deep learning and you want to level up, then this book is what you need! What You Will Learn Set up R packages for neural networks and deep learning Understand the core concepts of artificial neural networks Understand neurons, perceptrons, bias, weights, and activation functions Implement supervised and unsupervised machine learning in R for neural networks Predict and classify data automatically using neural networks Evaluate and fine-tune the models you build. In Detail Neural networks are one of the most fascinating machine learning models for solving complex computational problems efficiently. Neural networks are used to solve wide range of problems in different areas of AI and machine learning. This book explains the niche aspects of neural networking and provides you with foundation to get started with advanced topics. The book begins with neural network design using the neural net package, then you'll build a solid foundation knowledge of how a neural network learns from data, and the principles behind it. This book covers various types of neural network including recurrent neural networks and convoluted neural networks. You will not only learn how to train neural networks, but will also explore generalization of these networks. Later we will delve into combining different neural network models and work with the real-world use cases. By the end of this book, you will learn to implement neural network models in your applications with the help of practical examples in the book. Style and approach A step-by-step guide filled with real-world practical examples.




Visual Cortex and Deep Networks


Book Description

A mathematical framework that describes learning of invariant representations in the ventral stream, offering both theoretical development and applications. The ventral visual stream is believed to underlie object recognition in primates. Over the past fifty years, researchers have developed a series of quantitative models that are increasingly faithful to the biological architecture. Recently, deep learning convolution networks—which do not reflect several important features of the ventral stream architecture and physiology—have been trained with extremely large datasets, resulting in model neurons that mimic object recognition but do not explain the nature of the computations carried out in the ventral stream. This book develops a mathematical framework that describes learning of invariant representations of the ventral stream and is particularly relevant to deep convolutional learning networks. The authors propose a theory based on the hypothesis that the main computational goal of the ventral stream is to compute neural representations of images that are invariant to transformations commonly encountered in the visual environment and are learned from unsupervised experience. They describe a general theoretical framework of a computational theory of invariance (with details and proofs offered in appendixes) and then review the application of the theory to the feedforward path of the ventral stream in the primate visual cortex.




The Principles of Deep Learning Theory


Book Description

This volume develops an effective theory approach to understanding deep neural networks of practical relevance.




Probability Inequalities


Book Description

Inequality has become an essential tool in many areas of mathematical research, for example in probability and statistics where it is frequently used in the proofs. "Probability Inequalities" covers inequalities related with events, distribution functions, characteristic functions, moments and random variables (elements) and their sum. The book shall serve as a useful tool and reference for scientists in the areas of probability and statistics, and applied mathematics. Prof. Zhengyan Lin is a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics and currently a professor at Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. He is the prize winner of National Natural Science Award of China in 1997. Prof. Zhidong Bai is a fellow of TWAS and the Institute of Mathematical Statistics; he is a professor at the National University of Singapore and Northeast Normal University, Changchun, China.




Foundations of Machine Learning, second edition


Book Description

A new edition of a graduate-level machine learning textbook that focuses on the analysis and theory of algorithms. This book is a general introduction to machine learning that can serve as a textbook for graduate students and a reference for researchers. It covers fundamental modern topics in machine learning while providing the theoretical basis and conceptual tools needed for the discussion and justification of algorithms. It also describes several key aspects of the application of these algorithms. The authors aim to present novel theoretical tools and concepts while giving concise proofs even for relatively advanced topics. Foundations of Machine Learning is unique in its focus on the analysis and theory of algorithms. The first four chapters lay the theoretical foundation for what follows; subsequent chapters are mostly self-contained. Topics covered include the Probably Approximately Correct (PAC) learning framework; generalization bounds based on Rademacher complexity and VC-dimension; Support Vector Machines (SVMs); kernel methods; boosting; on-line learning; multi-class classification; ranking; regression; algorithmic stability; dimensionality reduction; learning automata and languages; and reinforcement learning. Each chapter ends with a set of exercises. Appendixes provide additional material including concise probability review. This second edition offers three new chapters, on model selection, maximum entropy models, and conditional entropy models. New material in the appendixes includes a major section on Fenchel duality, expanded coverage of concentration inequalities, and an entirely new entry on information theory. More than half of the exercises are new to this edition.