Defra's Social and Environmental Guidance to Ofwat


Book Description

This is the second edition of Defra's social and environmental guidance to Ofwat. Its purpose is to provide Ofwat with a steer on the key environmental and social policies to which the Government expects it to contribute in carrying out its role as the independent economic regulator of the water industry. It should be read in conjunction with the Strategic policy statement [appended]. Ofwat is required to have regard to this Guidance when discharging its statutory functions. The Guidance covers Ofwat's work in relation to water and sewerage undertakers and licensed water suppliers who operate wholly or mainly in England




The water white paper


Book Description

The Committee heard persuasive evidence about the environmental damage caused by over-abstraction. The reform of abstraction licenses must be brought forward as the Government's current plans - to reform the abstraction regime by the mid-to-late 2020s - will not take effect rapidly enough given that our rivers are already running dry. Defra must also work with Ofwat and the Environment Agency to tackle urgently those abstractions which are already causing severe damage to our rivers. It is "extremely disappointing" that the White Paper fails to set a target to increase levels of water metering. The report also highlights how bad debt in the water sector adds around £15 to each household's water bill every year. Defra must implement existing legal provisions rapidly to tackle this problem. The Committee also examines proposals to increase competition in the sector. They conclude that Defra should set a clear target date for opening a competitive retail market for water, and should take account of lessons that can be learned from Scotland. The Committee believes that the White Paper's proposals will fail to deliver a well-functioning retail market and suggests how to remedy this. The Government also needs to take action to encourage the development of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS), which can reduce the risk of flooding, and to implement the relevant outstanding provisions of the Flood and Water Management Act 2010. It is "deeply worrying" that the Government had not yet reached an agreement with insurers about providing cover for homes in areas of flood risk




Regulating Water and Sanitation for the Poor


Book Description

'This excellent book makes a major contribution to the literature on regulation in a pro-poor direction for urban water supply. It is extremely relevant for policy-makers striving to achieve the Millennium Development Goal for halving the share of world's population without access to clean and affordable water.' Andrew Nickson, University of Birmingham, UK The aim of this book is to present the potential benefits as well as the challenges of introducing a more formal economic regulatory process into the urban water sector arena in lower-income countries. There is a particular focus upon the impact this may have on the poorest, the informal, slum and shanty dwellers of the rapidly growing cities. Economic regulation, usually introduced in the context of private operation of monopoly water supply, can deliver objectivity and transparency in the price-setting process for public as well as private providers. The book describes and analyses these issues through a consideration of ten country case studies. As a starting point, the current situation for the provision of water and sanitation services for the poorest through non-regulated public providers in India and Uganda is reviewed. Comparative chapters are then presented on Ghana, Philippines, Bolivia, Jordan, Zambia and Indonesia, all with varying degrees of private sector involvement and regulation. Finally the experiences of two richer countries are considered - Chile and England, countries with the longest experience of economic regulation and the 'most privatized' suppliers. In all cases there is a focus on the very necessary role of customer involvement in price-setting and service monitoring and on the role of alternative (private) service providers.




Sites of Special Scientific Interest


Book Description

Sites of Special Scientific Interest : Tenth report of session 2008-09, report, together with formal minutes, oral and written Evidence




Alternatives to Privatization


Book Description

There is a vast literature for and against privatizing public services. Those who are against privatization are often confronted with the objection that they present no alternative. This book takes up that challenge by establishing theoretical models for what does (and does not) constitute an alternative to privatization, and what might make them ‘successful’, backed up by a comprehensive set of empirical data on public services initiatives in over 40 countries. This is the first such global survey of its kind, providing a rigorous and robust platform for evaluating different alternatives and allowing for comparisons across regions and sectors. The book helps to conceptualize and evaluate what has become an important and widespread movement for better public services in the global South. The contributors explore historical, existing and proposed non-commercialized alternatives for primary health, water/sanitation and electricity. The objectives of the research have been to develop conceptual and methodological frameworks for identifying and analyzing alternatives to privatization, and testing these models against actually existing alternatives on the ground in Asia, Africa and Latin America. Information of this type is urgently required for practitioners and analysts, both of whom are seeking reliable knowledge on what kind of public models work, how transferable they are from one place to another and what their main strengths and weaknesses are.




Law and Corporate Behaviour


Book Description

This book examines the theories and practice of how to control corporate behaviour through legal techniques. The principal theories examined are deterrence, economic rational acting, responsive regulation, and the findings of behavioural psychology. Leading examples of the various approaches are given in order to illustrate the models: private enforcement of law through litigation in the USA, public enforcement of competition law by the European Commission, and the recent reform of policies on public enforcement of regulatory law in the United Kingdom. Noting that behavioural psychology has as yet had only limited application in legal and regulatory theory, the book then analyses various European regulatory structures where behavioural techniques can be seen or could be applied. Sectors examined include financial services, civil aviation, pharmaceuticals, and workplace health & safety. Key findings are that 'enforcement' has to focus on identifying the causes of non-compliance, so as to be able to support improved performance, rather than be based on fear motivating complete compliance. Systems in which reporting is essential for safety only function with a no-blame culture. The book concludes by proposing an holistic model for maximising compliance within large organisations, combining public regulatory and criminal controls with internal corporate systems and external influences by stakeholders, held together by a unified core of ethical principles. Hence, the book proposes a new theory of ethical regulation. This title is included in Bloomsbury Professional's International Arbitration online service.




The Regulatory State


Book Description

This collection of fifteen essays by leading experts in regulation is unique in its focus on the constitutional implications of recent regulatory developments in the UK, the EU, and the US. The chapters reflect current developments and crises which are significant in many areas of public policy, not only regulation. These include the development of governance in place of government in many policy areas, the emergence of networks of public and private actors, the credit crunch, techniques for countering climate change, the implications for fundamental rights of regulatory arrangements and the development of complex accountability mechanisms designed to promote policy objectives. Constitutional issues discussed in The Regulatory State include regulatory governance, models of economic and social regulation, non-parliamentary rule-making, the UK's devolution arrangements and regulation, the credit crisis, the rationing of common resources, regulation and fundamental rights, the European Competition Network, private law making and European integration, innovative regulator sanctions recently introduced in the UK, the auditing of regulatory reform, and parliamentary oversight and judicial review of regulators. The introductory chapter focuses on testing times for regulation, and the concluding chapter draws ten lessons from the substantive chapters, noting the importance of regulatory diversity, the complexity of networks and relations between regulatory actors and the executive, the new challenges to regulatory habits posed by climate change and the credit crisis, the wider economic and legal context in which regulation takes place and the accountability networks - including judicial review, parliamentary oversight and audit - within which regulation operates.




Ofwat - meeting the demand for water


Book Description

The Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat) is the economic regulator of the supply and demand for water in England and Wales. Its broad purpose is to regulate in a way that enables companies to secure sustainable supplies at the lowest cost to the consumer. To achieve this it aims to collect relevant and reliable information to underpin its regulatory decisions, provide incentives for water companies to meet future demands and take appropriate enforcement action if companies do not respond to Ofwat's incentives. This NAO report finds that Ofwat has secured better data on the amount of water leaking from water companies' systems, but calculations of leakage still depend on estimates of consumption, and there is a lack of reliable evidence regarding the results of water efficiency projects that seek to help consumers waste less water. Recommendations include that Ofwat should: assess companies' progress on water efficiency on the basis of the quality of the project, its costs, and the water it saves, as well as the number of consumers reached; and build on its current approach and press for a long term and sustainable approach to leakage management.




Law and Administration


Book Description

Contains a full account of administrative law in the context of social, political and economic forces shaping the law.




Parliamentary Debates (Hansard).


Book Description