Developing Nanostructures and Enhanced Properties in Heavy W Alloy Through SPD Processing


Book Description

The ways of fulfillment of severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes by equal channel angular (ECA) pressing of hard-to-deform low-ductility materials, namely W of the commercial purity and W alloy of W-Ni-Fe system were developed. To obtain ultra-fine grained (UFG) structures in these materials the dies for high-cycle ECA pressing were fabricated. For the first time ECA pressing was implemented and the optimal regimes of obtaining of bulk commercially pure (CP) W ingots with UFG structure were established. First experiments of ECA pressing of heavy alloy W-4.9%Ni-2.1% Fe were conducted. TEM and X-ray investigations of the SPD-processed CP W showed that the refinement of the structure up to a mean grain size less than 1 micrometers takes place during ECA pressing. The grains have mainly high angle boundaries that results in enhanced mechanical properties. Hardening of the investigated material during SPD was indicated by microhardness measurements. To attain further progress in refinement of W-alloy structure by ECA pressing and due to this increase their mechanical properties new ways were suggested.




Bulk Nanostructured Materials


Book Description

This book presents the most recent results in the area of bulk nanostructured materials and new trends in their severe plastic deformation (SPD) processing, where these techniques are now emerging from the domain of laboratory-scale research into the commercial production of various bulk nanomaterials. Special emphasis is placed on an analysis of the effect of nanostructures in materials fabricated by SPD on mechanical properties (strength and ductility, fatigue strength and life, superplasticity) and functional behavior (shape memory effects, magnetic and electric properties), as well as the numerous examples of their innovative applications. There is a high innovation potential for industrial applications of bulk nanomaterials for structural use (materials with extreme strength) as well as for functional applications such as nanomagnets, materials for hydrogen storage, thermoelectric materials, superconductors, catalysts, and biomedical implants.




Nanostructured Metals and Alloys


Book Description

Tensile strength, fatigue strength and ductility are important properties of nanostructured metallic materials, which make them suitable for use in applications where strength or strength-to-weight ratios are important. Nanostructured metals and alloys reviews the latest technologies used for production of these materials, as well as recent advances in research into their structure and mechanical properties. One of the most important issues facing nanostructured metals and alloys is how to produce them. Part one describes the different methods used to process bulk nanostructured metals and alloys, including chapters on severe plastic deformation, mechanical alloying and electrodeposition among others. Part two concentrates on the microstructure and properties of nanostructured metals, with chapters studying deformation structures such as twins, microstructure of ferrous alloys by equal channel angular processing, and characteristic structures of nanostructured metals prepared by plastic deformation. In part three, the mechanical properties of nanostructured metals and alloys are discussed, with chapters on such topics as strengthening mechanisms, nanostructured metals based on molecular dynamics computer simulations, and surface deformation. Part four focuses on existing and developing applications of nanostructured metals and alloys, covering topics such as nanostructured steel for automotives, steel sheet and nanostructured coatings by spraying. With its distinguished editor and international team of contributors, Nanostructured metals and alloys is a standard reference for manufacturers of metal components, as well as those with an academic research interest in metals and materials with enhanced properties.




PROPERTIES AND NANOSTRUCTURES OF NANO-MATERIALS PROCESSED BY SEVERE PLASTIC DEFORMATION (SPD).


Book Description

Metallic materials usually exhibit higher strength but lower ductility after being plastically deformed by conventional techniques such as rolling, drawing and extrusion. In contrast, nanostructured metals and alloys processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) have demonstrated both high strength and high ductility. This extraordinary mechanical behavior is attributed to the unique nanostructures generated by SPD processing. The combination of ultrafine grain size and high-density dislocations appears to enable deformation by new mechanisms not active in coarse-grained metals and alloys. These results demonstrate the possibility of tailoring the microstructures of metals and alloys by SPD to obtain superior mechanical properties. Nanostructured metals and alloys processed by SPD techniques have unique nanostructures not observed in nano-materials synthesized by other techniques such as the consolidation of nanopowders. The SPD-generated nanostructures have many features related to deformation, including high dislocation densities, and high- and low-angle grain boundaries in equilibrium or non-equilibrium states. Future studies are needed to investigate the deformation mechanisms that relate the unique nanostructures with the superior mechanical properties exhibited by SPD-processed metals and alloys.




Nanostructures: Synthesis, Functional Properties and Application


Book Description

The Advanced Study Institute on Synthesis, Functional Properties and Applications of Nanostructures, held at the Knossos Royal Village, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, July 26, 2002 - August 4, 2002, successfully reviewed the state-of-the-art of nanostructures and nanotechnology. It was concluded that Nanotechnology is widely agreed to be the research focus that will lead to the next generation of breakthroughs in science and engineering. There are three cornerstones to the expectation that Nanotechnology will yield revolutionary advances in understanding and application: • Breakthroughs in properties that arise from materials fabricated from the nanoscale. • Synergistic behavior that arise from the combination of disparate types of materials (soft vs. hard, organic vs. inorganic, chemical vs. biological vs. solid state) at the nanoscale. • Exploitation of natural (e.g. chemical and biological) assembly mechanisms that can accomplish structural control at the nanoscale. It is expected that this will lead to paradigms for assembling bio-inspired functional systems that accomplish desirable properties that are either unavailable or prohibitively expensive using top-down approaches.




PROPERTIES AND NANOSTRUCTURES OF MATERIALS PROCESSED BY SPD TECHNIQUES.


Book Description

Metallic materials usually exhibit higher strength but lower ductility after being plastically deformed by conventional techniques such as rolling, drawing and extrusion. In contrast, nanostructured metals and alloys processed by severe plastic deformation (SPD) have demonstrated both high strength and high ductility. This extraordinary mechanical behavior is attributed to the unique nanostructures generated by SPD processing. It demonstrates the possibility of tailoring the microstructures of metals and alloys by SPD to obtain superior mechanical properties. The SPD-generated nanostructures have many features related to deformation, including high dislocation densities, and high- and low-angle grain boundaries in equilibrium or non-equilibrium states. This paper reviews the mechanical properties and the defect structures of SPD-processed nanostructured materials. Keywords: strength, ductility, nanostructures, SPD, non-equilibrium grain boundary.




Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications


Book Description

Materials Development and Processing for Biomedical Applications focuses on various methods of manufacturing, surface modifications, and advancements in biomedical applications. This book examines in detail about five different aspects including, materials properties, development, processing, surface coatings, future perspectives and fabrication of advanced biomedical devices. Fundamental aspects are discussed to better understand the processing of various biomedical materials such as metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, etc. A wide range of surface treatments are covered in this book that will be helpful for the readers to understand the importance of surface treatments and their future perspectives. Additional Features Include: Examines various properties of biomedical materials at the beginning in several chapters which will enrich the fundamental knowledge of the readers. Discusses advancements in various fields of biomedical applications. Provides a glimpse of characterization techniques for the evaluation of material properties. Addresses biocompatibility, biocorrosion, and tribocorrosion. This book explores new and novel strategies for the development of materials and their biomedical applications. It will serve as a comprehensive resource for both students and scientists working in materials and biomedical sciences.




Advanced Biomaterials and Biodevices


Book Description

This cutting-edge book focuses on the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities The design and development of biomaterials play a significant role in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. When used with highly selective and sensitive biomaterials, cutting-edge biodevices can allow the rapid and accurate diagnosis of disease, creating a platform for research and development, especially in the field of treatment for prognosis and detection of diseases in the early stage. This book emphasizes the emerging area of biomaterials and biodevices that incorporate therapeutic agents, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities. The 15 comprehensive chapters written by leading experts cover such topics as: The use of severe plastic deformation technique to enhance the properties of nanostructured metals Descriptions of the different polymers for use in controlled drug release Chitin and chitosan as renewable healthcare biopolymers for biomedical applications Innovated devices such as “label-free biochips” and polymer MEMS Molecular imprinting and nanotechnology Prussian Blue biosensing applications The evaluation of different types of biosensors in terms of their cost effectiveness, selectivity, and sensitivity Stimuli-responsive polypeptide nanocarriers for malignancy therapeutics




Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation


Book Description

These proceedings of the "Second International Conference on Nanomaterials by Severe Plastic Deformation" review the enormous scientific avalanche that has been developing in the field over recent years. A valuable resource for any scientist and engineer working in this emerging field of nanotechnology.




High Pressure Effects in Chemistry, Biology and Materials Science


Book Description

The aim of the celebrated High Pressure School (HPS) is to provide a platform where both young and experienced researchers can meet and exchange their experiences in high-pressure research and techniques. Since 1996, four schools have been held in Warsaw and the tradition has developed of combining the topic of high pressure techniques with workshops which are related to the rapidly developing fields of high pressure science and technology: chemistry, biology and materials science; with particular attention being paid to nanostructured materials.