Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function


Book Description

This volume contains the manuscripts of the full papers and posters pre sented at the conference "Dietary Phenylalanine and Brain Function," which took place at the Park Hyatt Hotel, Washington, D.C., on May 8-10, 1987. The conference was organized by a committee that included Drs. Louis Elsas (Emory University, Atlanta), William Pardridge (UCLA), Timothy Maher (Massachusetts College of Pharmacy), Donald Schomer (Harvard), and Richard Wurtman (MIT). It was sponsored by the Center for Brain Sciences and Metabolism Charitable Trust, a foun dation which, during the past few years, had also organized seven other conferences related to interactions between circulating compounds (drugs, nutrients, hormones, toxins) and brain function. The Center's most recent other conferences were on "Melatonin in Humans" (Vienna, Austria; November 1985) and "The Pharmacology of Memory Disorders Associ ated with Aging" (Zurich, Switzerland; January 1987). The decision to organize this conference was based on the perception that major changes had recently occurred in society's uses of phenylalanine and phenylalanine-containing products, and on the belief that a meeting of scientists and physicians who work on the amino acid's neurological effects could both catalyze additional research on these effects and assist regula tory bodies in formulating appropriate public policies relating to the use of these products: phenylalanine, in both its L- and D-forms, has apparently become a popular sales item at "health-food" stores, and thus is now being consumed by a fairly large number of people, in the absence of the other.




The Role of Protein and Amino Acids in Sustaining and Enhancing Performance


Book Description

It is a commonly held belief that athletes, particularly body builders, have greater requirements for dietary protein than sedentary individuals. However, the evidence in support of this contention is controversial. This book is the latest in a series of publications designed to inform both civilian and military scientists and personnel about issues related to nutrition and military service. Among the many other stressors they experience, soldiers face unique nutritional demands during combat. Of particular concern is the role that dietary protein might play in controlling muscle mass and strength, response to injury and infection, and cognitive performance. The first part of the book contains the committee's summary of the workshop, responses to the Army's questions, conclusions, and recommendations. The remainder of the book contains papers contributed by speakers at the workshop on such topics as, the effects of aging and hormones on regulation of muscle mass and function, alterations in protein metabolism due to the stress of injury or infection, the role of individual amino acids, the components of proteins, as neurotransmitters, hormones, and modulators of various physiological processes, and the efficacy and safety considerations associated with dietary supplements aimed at enhancing performance.




Food Components to Enhance Performance


Book Description

The physiological or psychological stresses that employees bring to their workplace affect not only their own performance but that of their co-workers and others. These stresses are often compounded by those of the job itself. Medical personnel, firefighters, police, and military personnel in combat settingsâ€"among othersâ€"experience highly unpredictable timing and types of stressors. This book reviews and comments on the performance-enhancing potential of specific food components. It reflects the views of military and non-military scientists from such fields as neuroscience, nutrition, physiology, various medical specialties, and performance psychology on the most up-to-date research available on physical and mental performance enhancement in stressful conditions. Although placed within the context of military tasks, the volume will have wide-reaching implications for individuals in any job setting.




Aromatic Amino Acids in the Brain


Book Description

The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world.




Progressive Brain Disorders in Childhood


Book Description

A review of childhood neurodegenerative and other progressive but non-degenerative disorders to guide their diagnosis and management.




Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals,


Book Description

In the years since the third edition of this indispensable reference was published, a great deal has been learned about the nutritional requirements of common laboratory species: rat, mouse, guinea pig, hamster, gerbil, and vole. The Fourth Revised Edition presents the current expert understanding of the lipid, carbohydrate, protein, mineral, vitamin, and other nutritional needs of these animals. The extensive use of tables provides easy access to a wealth of comprehensive data and resource information. The volume also provides an expanded background discussion of general dietary considerations. In addition to a more user-friendly organization, new features in this edition include: A significantly expanded section on dietary requirements for rats, reporting substantial new findings. A new section on nutrients that are not required but that may produce beneficial results. New information on growth and reproductive performance among the most commonly used strains of rats and mice and on several hamster species. An expanded discussion of diet formulation and preparationâ€"including sample diets of both purified and natural ingredients. New information on mineral deficiency and toxicity, including warning signs. This authoritative resource will be important to researchers, laboratory technicians, and manufacturers of laboratory animal feed.




The Metabolic & Molecular Bases of Inherited Disease


Book Description

Presents clinical, biochemical, and genetic information concerning those metabolic anomalies grouped under inborn errors of metabolism.




Clinical Paediatric Dietetics


Book Description

Clinical Paediatric Dietetics, Fifth Edition continues to provide a very practical approach to dietary management of children with an extensive range of disorders. Thoroughly revised to reflect the most recent scientific and medical literature, this new edition proves to be an indispensable guide for both acute and community-based healthcare professionals. New and expanded content covering a range of disorders, treatments and guidelines has been introduced to the fifth edition, from diabetes technology and the ketogenic diet, to renal tubular disorders, refeeding syndrome, and blended diets in enteral nutrition. This authoritative volume: Supports contemporary evidence-based clinical practice Covers inherited metabolic disorders and diseases of all major organ systems Provides contributions from practising paediatric dietitians, academic research dietitians and a paediatric psychiatrist Includes worked examples, real-world case studies and easy-to-use tables Produced in collaboration with the British Dietetic Association (BDA) and the BDA Paediatric Specialist Group, Clinical Paediatric Dietetics is an invaluable resource for all healthcare practitioners caring for children.




Nutrient Metabolism


Book Description

Nutrient Metabolism defines the molecular fate of nutrients and other dietary compounds in humans, as well as outlining the molecular basis of processes supporting nutrition, such as chemical sensing and appetite control. It focuses on the presentation of nutritional biochemistry; and the reader is given a clear and specific perspective on the events that control utilization of dietary compounds. Slightly over 100 self-contained chapters cover all essential and important nutrients as well as many other dietary compounds with relevance for human health. An essential read for healthcare professionals and researchers in all areas of health and nutrition who want to access the wealth of nutrition knowledge available today in one single source.Key Features* Highly illustrated with relevant chemical structures and metabolic pathways* Foreword by Steven Zeisel, Editor-in-chief of the Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry* First comprehensive work on the subject




High Calorie Diet and the Human Brain


Book Description

The purpose of this monograph is to present readers with a comprehensive and cutting edge description of neurochemical effects of diet (beneficial and harmful effects) in normal human brain and to discuss how present day diet promotes pathogenesis of stroke, AD, PD, and depression in a manner that is useful not only to students and teachers but also to researchers, dietitians, nutritionists and physicians. A diet in sufficient amount and appropriate macronutrients is essential for optimal health of human body tissues. In brain, over-nutrition, particularly with high-calorie diet, not only alters cellular homeostasis, but also results in changes in the intensity of signal transduction processes in reward centers of the brain resulting in food addiction. Over-nutrition produces detrimental effects on human health in general and brain health in particular because it chronically increases the systemic and brain inflammation and oxidative stress along with induction of insulin resistance and leptin resistance in the brain as well as visceral organs. Onset of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress not only leads to obesity and heart disease, but also promotes type II diabetes and metabolic syndrome, which are risk factors for both acute neural trauma (stroke) and chronic age-related neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders, such as Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD) and depression.