Digital Twin for Healthcare


Book Description

Digital Twins for Healthcare: Design, Challenges and Solutions establishes the state-of-art in the specification, design, creation, deployment and exploitation of digital twins' technologies for healthcare and wellbeing. A digital twin is a digital replication of a living or non-living physical entity. When data is transmitted seamlessly, it bridges the physical and virtual worlds, thus allowing the virtual entity to exist simultaneously with the physical entity. A digital twin facilitates the means to understand, monitor, and optimize the functions of the physical entity and provide continuous feedback. It can be used to improve citizens' quality of life and wellbeing in smart cities and the virtualization of industrial processes. Presents the fundamentals of digital twin technology in healthcare Facilitates new approaches for healthcare industry Explores different use cases of digital twins in healthcare




Digital Twins in Manufacturing


Book Description

This book presents a guide to digital twin technologies and their applications within manufacturing. It examines key technological advances in the area of Industry 4.0, including numerical and experimental models and the Internet of Things (IoT), and explores their potential technical benefits through real-world application examples. This book presents digital models of advanced manufacturing processes dynamics that enable to control the cutting processes including experimental and simulation studies for brittle-ductile transition of ultra-precision machining materials assuring product quality. Innovative electrical power harvesting solutions from tool vibrations and wireless data transmission from confined and heavily cooled environment are also included. It explains the benefits of virtual and physical twins adapted to real systems, including the ability to shorten the product's path to the market, and enabling the transition to higher value-added manufacturing processes. Including numerous illustrations and clear solved problems, this book will be of interest to researchers and industry professionals in the fields of mechatronics, manufacturing engineering, computational mechanics.




Digital-Twin-Enabled Smart Control Engineering


Book Description

This book presents a novel design framework for the development of Digital Twin (DT) models for process- and motion-control applications. It is based on system-data acquisition using cutting-edge computing technologies, modelling of physical-system behavior through detailed simultaneous simulation of different aspects of the system, and optimal dynamic behavior-matching of the process. The design framework is enhanced with real-time data analytics to improve the performance of the DT’s behavior-matching with the real system or physical twin. The methods of creating a DT detailed in Digital-Twin-Enabled Smart Control Engineering make possible the study of a system for real-time controller tuning and fault detection. They also facilitate life-cycle analysis for multiple critical and dangerous conditions that cannot be explored in the corresponding real system or physical twin. The authors show how a DT can be exploited to enable self-optimizing capabilities in feedback control systems. The DT framework and the control-performance assessment, fault diagnosis and prognosis, remaining-useful-life analysis, and self-optimizing control abilities it allows are validated with both process- and motion-control systems and their DTs. Supporting MATLAB-based material for a case study and an expanded introduction to the basic elements of DTs can be accessed on an associated website. This book helps university researchers from many areas of engineering to develop new tools for control design and reliability and life-cycle assessment and helps practicing engineers working with robotic, manufacturing and processing, and mechatronic systems to maintain and develop the mechanical tools they use.




Construction 4.0


Book Description

Modelled on the concept of Industry 4.0, the idea of Construction 4.0 is based on a confluence of trends and technologies that promise to reshape the way built environment assets are designed, constructed, and operated. With the pervasive use of Building Information Modelling (BIM), lean principles, digital technologies, and offsite construction, the industry is at the cusp of this transformation. The critical challenge is the fragmented state of teaching, research, and professional practice in the built environment sector. This handbook aims to overcome this fragmentation by describing Construction 4.0 in the context of its current state, emerging trends and technologies, and the people and process issues that surround the coming transformation. Construction 4.0 is a framework that is a confluence and convergence of the following broad themes discussed in this book: Industrial production (prefabrication, 3D printing and assembly, offsite manufacture) Cyber-physical systems (actuators, sensors, IoT, robots, cobots, drones) Digital and computing technologies (BIM, video and laser scanning, AI and cloud computing, big data and data analytics, reality capture, Blockchain, simulation, augmented reality, data standards and interoperability, and vertical and horizontal integration) The aim of this handbook is to describe the Construction 4.0 framework and consequently highlight the resultant processes and practices that allow us to plan, design, deliver, and operate built environment assets more effectively and efficiently by focusing on the physical-to-digital transformation and then digital-to-physical transformation. This book is essential reading for all built environment and AEC stakeholders who need to get to grips with the technological transformations currently shaping their industry, research, and teaching.




The Digital Twin


Book Description

The Digital Twin book is about harnessing the power of technology, business practices, and the digital infrastructure to make revolutionary improvements for the benefit of society. Ninety experts from around the world contributed to summarize four decades of digital advances and successes, and to define the Digital Twin’s potential for the decades ahead. The book describes how Digital Twins will play a key role in specific applications and across important sectors of the global economy, making it a must-read for executives, policymakers, technical leaders, researchers, and students alike. The book consists of thirty-eight chapters that cover Digital Twin concepts, supporting technologies, practices, and specific implementation strategies for various production and service sectors. Digital Twins are about creating faster, less expensive, and error-free manufacturing, products, processes, and services. This includes engineering of systems for energy, communications, construction, transportation, and food processing. It also covers solutions for making human existence better and more enjoyable through the life sciences, smart cities, and artistic creations. The Digital Twin’s functionality addresses the entire lifecycle of products and services. Importantly, the book describes the journey required for businesses and public organizations to embrace Digital Twins as part of their tool kit. The Digital Twin is the ideal starting point for teaching and research in all application domains.




Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing


Book Description

Artificial Intelligence in Manufacturing: Applications and Case Studies provides detailed technical descriptions of emerging applications of AI in manufacturing using case studies to explain implementation. Artificial intelligence is increasingly being applied to all engineering disciplines, producing insights into how we understand the world and allowing us to create products in new ways. This book unlocks the advantages of this technology for manufacturing by drawing on work by leading researchers who have successfully used it in a range of applications. Processes including additive manufacturing, pharmaceutical manufacturing, painting, chemical engineering and machinery maintenance are all addressed. Case studies, worked examples, basic introductory material and step-by-step instructions on methods make the work accessible to a large group of interested professionals. - Explains innovative computational tools and methods in a practical and systematic way - Addresses a wide range of manufacturing types, including additive, chemical and pharmaceutical - Includes case studies from industry that describe how to overcome the challenges of implementing these methods in practice




Handbook of Research on Developing Smart Cities Based on Digital Twins


Book Description

The advent of connected, smart technologies for the built environment may promise a significant value that has to be reached to develop digital city models. At the international level, the role of digital twin is strictly related to massive amounts of data that need to be processed, which proposes several challenges in terms of digital technologies capability, computing, interoperability, simulation, calibration, and representation. In these terms, the development of 3D parametric models as digital twins to evaluate energy assessment of private and public buildings is considered one of the main challenges of the last years. The ability to gather, manage, and communicate contents related to energy saving in buildings for the development of smart cities must be considered a specificity in the age of connection to increase citizen awareness of these fields. The Handbook of Research on Developing Smart Cities Based on Digital Twins contains in-depth research focused on the description of methods, processes, and tools that can be adopted to achieve smart city goals. The book presents a valid medium for disseminating innovative data management methods related to smart city topics. While highlighting topics such as data visualization, a web-based ICT platform, and data-sharing methods, this book is ideally intended for researchers in the building industry, energy, and computer science fields; public administrators; building managers; and energy professionals along with practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students interested in the implementation of smart technologies for the built environment.




The Digital Twin of Humans


Book Description

This book provides an interdisciplinary concept of digital working environments in industry 4.0 to enable the implementation of the digital twin of humans. Information and communication technology is penetrating all areas of daily life at a rapid pace in private and professional areas. These technologies enable companies to aggregate huge volumes of data. Collected personal data of employees creates the opportunity of a digital representation of the human being itself, that is conformant with the definition of a digital twin. These digital twins of humans include selected characteristics and behaviour of the humans, that are linked to models, information, and data. According to existing trend studies, the digital twin of humans is a technology that will have a significant impact on the economy, society, and people. It is important to consider the regulatory framework for the use of personal data and threats of misuse. This book will be of use to researchers and professionals in industry.




Mirror Worlds


Book Description

Technology doesn't flow smoothly; it's the big surprises that matter, and Yale computer expert David Gelernter sees one such giant leap right on the horizon. Today's small scale software programs are about to be joined by vast public software works that will revolutionize computing and transform society as a whole. One such vast program is the "Mirror World." Imagine looking at your computer screen and seeing reality--an image of your city, for instance, complete with moving traffic patterns, or a picture that sketches the state of an entire far-flung corporation at this second. These representations are called Mirror Worlds, and according to Gelernter they will soon be available to everyone. Mirror Worlds are high-tech voodoo dolls: by interacting with the images, you interact with reality. Indeed, Mirror Worlds will revolutionize the use of computers, transforming them from (mere) handy tools to crystal balls which will allow us to see the world more vividly and see into it more deeply. Reality will be replaced gradually, piece-by-piece, by a software imitation; we will live inside the imitation; and the surprising thing is--this will be a great humanistic advance. We gain control over our world, plus a huge new measure of insight and vision. In this fascinating book--part speculation, part explanation--Gelernter takes us on a tour of the computer technology of the near future. Mirror Worlds, he contends, will allow us to explore the world in unprecedented depth and detail without ever changing out of our pajamas. A hospital administrator might wander through an entire medical complex via a desktop computer. Any citizen might explore the performance of the local schools, chat electronically with teachers and other Mirror World visitors, plant software agents to report back on interesting topics; decide to run for the local school board, hire a campaign manager, and conduct the better part of the campaign itself--all by interacting with the Mirror World. Gelernter doesn't just speculate about how this amazing new software will be used--he shows us how it will be made, explaining carefully and in detail how to build a Mirror World using technology already available. We learn about "disembodied machines," "trellises," "ensembles," and other computer components which sound obscure, but which Gelernter explains using familiar metaphors and terms. (He tells us that a Mirror World is a microcosm just like a Japanese garden or a Gothic cathedral, and that a computer program is translated by the computer in the same way a symphony is translated by a violinist into music.) Mirror Worlds offers a lucid and humanistic account of the coming software revolution, told by a computer scientist at the cutting edge of his field.