Discovering Relativity for Yourself


Book Description

Discovering Relativity for yourself explains Einstein's Theory of Relativity to readers who are daunted by the standard mathematical approach to that profound theory. For twenty years Sam Lilley taught this subject to adults with no science background. Now he has written an explanation of the theory that demands no prior knowledge of mathematics or physics beyond an ability to do simple arithmetic. The first quarter of the book uses no more than arithmetic and a little simple geometry to introduce some of the main concepts of the theory, as well as discussing an impressive experimental test, which comes down strongly in its favour. When eventually further progress demands use of algebra and other mathematical techniques, these are carefully explained in a way that makes them accessible to absolute beginners, using many new and unorthodox methods.







Discovering Relativity


Book Description

Scientists throughout history have made amazing discoveries, but few findings have rocked our world and our view of our place in the universe like the theory of relativity. Albert Einstein's observations and studies leading up to this game-changing discovery are recounted here, as are modern-day applications and current findings. This book also includes the contributions of other instrumental scientists and their studies, such as Galileo Galilei, Sir Isaac Newton, and James Clerk Maxwell. This engrossing story of the scientists and studies that lead to the theory of relativity will fascinate and educate history and science fans alike.




Relativity, 2nd Edition


Book Description

Since prehistoric times, people have wondered how the universe works. Early scientists studied how forces affect objects and watched how heavenly bodies move. In 1687 Isaac Newton published a set of laws that described the motion of all objects, both on Earth and in the heavens. By 1900 many physicists believed only a few questions remained to be answered. But the early 1900s brought revolutionary developments in physics. One was Albert Einstein's theory of relativity. This theory proposed completely new ideas of time, space, mass, motion, and gravity. Einstein's theory revealed that matter and energy are interchangeable, rather than distinct. This book tells the story of how the theory of relativity revolutionized physics.




The Blue Streak


Book Description

The hacker's approach to Special Relativity grew out of an attempt to demystify the puzzling features of the theory to intelligent but intuition-blocked lay persons by a strategy aimed at this particular handicap: The insufficiently understood basic concepts, the most obstinate stumbling blocks, are explained at length first. The four-dimensional cornerstone of the theory, the all-important Invariant, is presented as a geometric structure analogous to the Diagonal of a box-like Frame of Reference to which Time is subsequently added as the Fourth Dimension. The exposition of the theory of Special Relativity is primarily intuition-oriented while remaining also geometrically conceptualized and mathematically developed. It is built up from scratch around First Principles starting out with our primitive notions of Space, Time and Motion which are then continually updated and refined. The conceptual tools and terminology for investigating Linear Motion at Uniform Velocity are provided in a step-by-step fashion and always visualized by suitable illustrations. The Spacetime "terrain" (curved but not spherical) and its "domains" (Past, Present and Future) are defined, mapped and explained. The standard topics of Special Relativity are individually elaborated in the already introduced step-by-step fashion and its mathematical results, the equations, are not just displayed in print as usually done in undergraduate textbooks but are actually derived from familiar situations using only elementary algebra, the simplest possible math for the task. These derivations are additionally written out fully in longhand for the benefit of those still inexperienced or whose math has all gone to rust. The Theory of Relativity is covered in sufficient detail to make this book an optional supplement in a college-level physics course. It can also serve as a source of information and insight in high-school and adult science clubs but, above all, it was meant to be a self-study manual, a virtual class room at home, a do-it-yourself tutoring aid. Besides standard fare, two speculative topics are included: (1) a "Faster than Light" chapter dealing with its chief reputed consequence, the reversal of Time Arrow once the travel speed has "crashed" the "Light Barrier," and (2) a tentative description of a very-very fast moving object caught by our wide-open eyes or by a super-fast shutter speed camera. The book and its intended readership are described in the Preface. Basic concepts and a brief historical background of the theory are given in the Introduction. In Chapters I-XV, you'll find the main topics and in the Postscript, there are additional comments pertinent to, but reaching above and beyond, the contents of this book.




Out of this World


Book Description

Stephen Webb, author of WHERE IS EVERYBODY?, takes the interested amateur on a thrilling and enlightening tour of the amazing, even bizarre, new ideas of modern physics, including alternatives to the Big Bang, parallel universes, and an imaginary trip to the other side of the black hole.




A Most Incomprehensible Thing


Book Description

A straightforward, enjoyable guide to the mathematics of Einstein's relativity To really understand Einstein's theory of relativity – one of the cornerstones of modern physics – you have to get to grips with the underlying mathematics. This self-study guide is aimed at the general reader who is motivated to tackle that not insignificant challenge. With a user-friendly style, clear step-by-step mathematical derivations, many fully solved problems and numerous diagrams, this book provides a comprehensive introduction to a fascinating but complex subject. For those with minimal mathematical background, the first chapter gives a crash course in foundation mathematics. The reader is then taken gently by the hand and guided through a wide range of fundamental topics, including Newtonian mechanics; the Lorentz transformations; tensor calculus; the Einstein field equations; the Schwarzschild solution (which gives a good approximation of the spacetime of our Solar System); simple black holes, relativistic cosmology and gravitational waves. Special relativity helps explain a huge range of non-gravitational physical phenomena and has some strangely counter-intuitive consequences. These include time dilation, length contraction, the relativity of simultaneity, mass-energy equivalence and an absolute speed limit. General relativity, the leading theory of gravity, is at the heart of our understanding of cosmology and black holes. "I must observe that the theory of relativity resembles a building consisting of two separate stories, the special theory and the general theory. The special theory, on which the general theory rests, applies to all physical phenomena with the exception of gravitation; the general theory provides the law of gravitation and its relations tothe other forces of nature." – Albert Einstein, 1919 Understand even the basics of Einstein's amazing theory and the world will never seem the same again. Contents: Preface Introduction 1 Foundation mathematics 2 Newtonian mechanics 3 Special relativity 4 Introducing the manifold 5 Scalars, vectors, one-forms and tensors 6 More on curvature 7 General relativity 8 The Newtonian limit 9 The Schwarzschild metric 10 Schwarzschild black holes 11 Cosmology 12 Gravitational waves Appendix: The Riemann curvature tensor Bibliography Acknowledgements January 2019. This third edition has been revised to make the material even more accessible to the enthusiastic general reader who seeks to understand the mathematics of relativity.




Spacetime and that Beyond


Book Description

After reaching the realms of Relativity & Quantum Mechanics, science, today, is as if bouncing back on the screen created apparently by those theories. Can't modern science cross over this screen and reveal further truths veiled in nature to give new directions to mankind, which is ever engaged in its relentless pursuit for ultimate contentment and freedom? Doesn't it owe the scientists to kindle new lights of awareness by such enquiries in the modem man, now so obsessed, confused, feared and ruined, as evident from recent mental and intellectual catastrophes witnessed in this super-computer era of ours? The deliberations in this text, first published in December, 1987, are oriented towards a breakthrough in modem scientific thought by analysing the theories hitherto available culminating in relativity and quantum mechanics. It rather tries to interpret and extend the ideas inherent in these theories to the entire field of human experiences and bring forth the ultimate essence of existence. In this exercise, experience, recognized as the fundamental basis of any scientific analysis, is given pivotal importance. The outcome of these deliberations brings forth a different orientation to the relationship between the experiencer- the individual -and the universe he is experiencing. It gives a new dimension to his ultimate goal and his assessment with regard to other fellow beings-human as well as subhuman -around, which can influence him to rearrange his interactions with nature so that both the individual as well as nature can evolve simultaneously in harmony. An enlarged version of these deliberations, that hopefully will help to study them further in detail, is under preparation.




God and the New Physics


Book Description

Argues that the discoveries of twentieth-century physics--relativity and the quantum theory--demand a radical reformulation of the fundamentals of reality and a way of thinking, that is closer to mysticism than materialism.




Concepts, Cosmology and Culture


Book Description

This work explores how concept-based thought affects, not only, our understanding of the universe, but also, ourselves, and the society in which we live. The author suggests that Daoism, as postulated by Lao Zi and Zhuang Zi, should not be dismissed as obscure and simplistic mysticism, but accepted as a coherent and logical body of thought which is remarkably consistent with modern science and mathematics. Despite the limitations of words to convey absolute truth, or the nature of Dao, the author happily concedes, that when it comes to exploring the human condition, which is essential to the understanding of the universe in which we live, poetry can contribute much to that understanding, even though music and visual art may have a more direct connection to the substance of consciousness.