Physics in a New Era


Book Description

Physics at the beginning of the twenty-first century has reached new levels of accomplishment and impact in a society and nation that are changing rapidly. Accomplishments have led us into the information age and fueled broad technological and economic development. The pace of discovery is quickening and stronger links with other fields such as the biological sciences are being developed. The intellectual reach has never been greater, and the questions being asked are more ambitious than ever before. Physics in a New Era is the final report of the NRC's six-volume decadal physics survey. The book reviews the frontiers of physics research, examines the role of physics in our society, and makes recommendations designed to strengthen physics and its ability to serve important needs such as national security, the economy, information technology, and education.




Timelines of Discovery in Physics


Book Description

Physics is the fundamental branch of science that developed out of the study of nature and philosophy known, until around the end of the 19th century, as "natural philosophy". Today, physics is ultimately defined as the study of matter, energy and the relationships between them. Physics is, in some senses, the oldest and most basic pure science; its discoveries find applications throughout the natural sciences, since matter and energy are the basic constituents of the natural world. The other sciences are generally more limited in their scope and may be considered branches that have split off from physics to become sciences in their own right. Physics today may be divided loosely into classical physics and modern physics.Elements of what became physics were drawn primarily from the fields of astronomy, optics, and mechanics, which were methodologically united through the study of geometry. These mathematical disciplines began in antiquity with the Babylonians and with Hellenistic writers such as Archimedes and Ptolemy. Ancient philosophy, meanwhile - including what was called "physics" - focused on explaining nature through ideas such as Aristotle's four types of "cause". Advances in the knowledge of the laws of nature consisting either of experimental discoveries or theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally.This book outlines the discoveries made in the following fields of physics.* Nature timeline (Formation of The Universe)* Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries* Timeline of classical mechanics* Timeline of electromagnetism and classical optics* Timeline of electromagnetic theory* Timeline of thermodynamics* Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions* Timeline of gravitational physics and relativity* Timeline of atomic and subatomic physics* Timeline of particle physics* Timeline of particle discoveries* Timeline of nuclear fusion* Timeline of theoretical physics* Timeline of computational physics* Timeline of cosmological theories* Timeline of black hole physics* Timeline of heat engine technology* Timeline of particle physics technology* Timeline of physical chemistry* Timeline of quantum mechanics* Timeline of quantum computing




Particle Physics


Book Description

"This annotated, chronological bibliography presents key material _including excerpts_from 500 of the most influential theoretical papers and experimental discoveries in particle physics, many of which have been cited for the Nobel prize. A general introduction places the original articles in historical context. For each entry there is a short description explaining the importance of the discovery, followed by complete bibliographic information, including title, authors, abstracts or excerpts, and references." "Contents" This annotated, chronological bibliography presents key material -- including excerpts -- from 500 of the most influential theoretical papers and experimental discoveries in particle physics, many of which have been cited for the Nobel prize. A general introduction places the original articles in historical context. For each entry there is a short description explaining the importance of the discovery, followed by complete bibliographic information, including title, authors, abstracts or excerpts, and references.




Six Roads from Newton


Book Description

Why is time relative to the observer? Can an atomic particle exist in two places at once? Is light a wave, a particle, or both? Six Roads from Newton is a lively tour through six monumental developments in physics since Newton: wave theory, field theory, statistical physics, special relativity, quantum theory, and general relativity. Together these crucial discoveries formed the basis of the modern revolution in physics, shattering Newton's view of the universe, and leading the way to the mind-boggling and fascinating questions at the cutting edge of physics today. With real-world examples that bring physics vividly to life, Edward Speyer explains each theoretical development, in-troducing the leading figures, their famous experiments, and a number of delightfully perplexing problems that have challenged physicists along the way--from the Paradox of the Three Polarizers to Maxwell's Demon and the infamous case of Schrodinger's Cat. "Entertaining and stimulating reading." --Journal of Modern Optics




Discovery Beyond the Standard Model of Elementary Particle Physics


Book Description

The goal of this essay is to discuss the future of discovery in particle physics. Its primary motivation is the 2019 European Strategy update, which aims to determine the future experimental and theoretical priorities for particle physics. A key question is to understand what the standard theory (Standard Model) of particle physics really is, which the author argues has been a foggy notion for several decades which he clarifies. It then is to decide what motivated beyond the Standard Model theories are to be targeted by experiment. This book brightly exposes these theories, and puts current particle physics research into its historical context and points the way toward future work.




The World According to Physics


Book Description

Scale -- Space and time -- Energy and matter -- The quantum world -- Thermodynamics and the arrow of time -- Unification -- The future of physics -- The usefulness of physics -- Thinking like a physicist.




A Century of Nature


Book Description

Many of the scientific breakthroughs of the twentieth century were first reported in the journal Nature. A Century of Nature brings together in one volume Nature's greatest hits—reproductions of seminal contributions that changed science and the world, accompanied by essays written by leading scientists (including four Nobel laureates) that provide historical context for each article, explain its insights in graceful, accessible prose, and celebrate the serendipity of discovery and the rewards of searching for needles in haystacks.




Drawing Physics


Book Description

A physics professor pairs short, elegantly written essays with simple drawings that offer engaging and accessible explanations of 51 key ideas in physics, from triangulation to relativity and beyond Humans have been trying to understand the physical universe since antiquity. Aristotle had one vision (the realm of the celestial spheres is perfect), and Einstein another (all motion is relativistic). Understandings often begin with a drawing, a humble but effective tool of the physicist's craft, part of the tradition of thinking, teaching, and learning passed down through the centuries. Don Lemons, a professor of physics and author of several physics books, pairs his essays with drawings that together convey important concepts from the history of physical science. The essays proceed chronologically, beginning with Thales' discovery of triangulation, the Pythagorean monochord, and Archimedes' explanation of balance. Readers will learn about Leonardo's description of “earthshine” (the ghostly glow between the horns of a crescent moon), Kepler's laws of planetary motion, and Newton's cradle (suspended steel balls demonstrating by their collisions that for every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction). Lemons reaches the 20th and 21st centuries with pieces on the photoelectric effect, the hydrogen atom, general relativity, the global greenhouse effect, Higgs boson, and more. The essays also place the science of the drawings in historical context—describing Galileo's conflict with the Roman Catholic Church over his teaching that the sun is the center of the universe, the link between the discovery of electrical phenomena and the romanticism of William Wordsworth, and the shadow cast by the Great War over Einstein's discovery of relativity.




The Logic of Scientific Discovery


Book Description

Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.