Small Arms Survey 2003


Book Description

This title includes information and analysis on global small arms production, stockpiles and legal and illicit transfers, and a review of international, regional and national measures to address the issue of small arms proliferation.







China Standard: GB 6675.4-2014 Safety of toys—Part 4: Migration of certain elements (ISO 8124-3: 2010, Safety of toys—Part 3: Migration of certain elements, MOD)


Book Description

1.1 This section of GB 6675 specifies the maximum limit requirements for the migration of elements such as antimony, arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury and selenium in the toy material and toy parts, the sampling method, and the preparation and extraction procedures for the test specimens. 1.2 The maximum limits for the migration elements specified in this section are applicable to the following toy materials: —Paints, lacquers, raw lacquer, inks, polymer coatings and similar coatings (see 8.1); —Polymers and similar materials include laminates whether enforced by textile or not, but exclude other textile and non-woven fabrics (see 8.2); —Paper and cardboard with maximum unit area of no more than 400 g/m2 (see 8.3); —Natural, artificial or synthetic fabrics (see 8.4); —Glass/ceramic/metallic materials except for lead fluxes used for electrical connection (see 8.5); —Other mass-colored materials, whether or not dyed (e. g. wood, fibreboard, cardboard, bone and leather)(see 8.6); —Materials that will leave traces (such as the graphite material in the pencil and the liquid ink in the pen)(see 8.7); —Soft molding materials including modeling clay and gels (see 8.8); —The pigment used in the toy, including paint, varnish, raw lacquer, vitreous powder, and other similar solid or liquid materials (see 8.9).1.3 The requirements of this section apply to the following toys, toy parts and toy materials (see C.2.1): —All toys intended for contact with food or mouth, cosmetic toys and writing implements belonging to the class of toys, regardless of age or recommended age identification. —All toys intended for or suitable for use in 72 months and below. —Accessible coating, no matter any age group or recommended applicable age identification. —Accessible liquids, creams and gels (e. g. liquid paints, modelling compounds), regardless of age group or recommended age identification. 1.4 The packaging material is not included in the scope of this section unless they are intended to be retained, such as boxes, containers, or unless they form part of a toy or are designed to have play value (see C.2.2). NOTE: Taking into account the normal and predictable behaviour of children, this section does not require certain toys and toy parts if they are clearly excluded the possibility of being sucked, foraged or swallowed due to their accessibility, function, mass, size or other characteristics. (e.g. a coating on a beam of a wobble device, and a tire of a toy bicycle, etc.)




Global Pharmaceutical Policy


Book Description

There is a strong argument that people throughout the world have a right to receive the medicines they need in an appropriate, affordable, and timely way. Global Pharmaceutical Policy describes the laws, policies, and customs relating to the development and provision of medicines, identifies their strengths and weakness, and then proposes global solutions for getting things better. Here is a masterpiece written in a clear and elegant style. Together, Dukes and Abbott have experience and insight that are unrivalled. Joe Collier, Emeritus Professor of Medicines Policy, St George s, University of London, UK Pharmaceuticals play a central role in health care throughout the world. The pharmaceutical industry is beset with difficulties as increasing research and development expenditure yields fewer new treatments. Public and private budgets strain under the weight of high prices and limited access. The world s poor see little effort to address diseases prevalent in less affluent societies, while the world s wealthy are overusing prescription drugs, risking their health and wasting resources. As the global economic crisis exacerbates pressure on health care budgets, a new presidential administration in Washington, DC has committed to broad health care reform. These circumstances form the backdrop for this extraordinarily timely examination of the global system for the development, production, distribution and use of medicines. The authors are acknowledged experts in the fields of pharmaceutical law and policy, with many years experience advising governments, multilateral organizations and policy-makers on issues involving innovation, access and use of medicines. Supported by a team of independent scientists, doctors and lawyers, they take an insightful look at the issues surrounding global regulation of the pharmaceutical sector, and offer pragmatic suggestions for reform. This book will be of interest to government policy-makers, members of industry, healthcare professionals, teachers, students and lawyers in the fields of public health, intellectual property and international trade.










International Trade in Health Services and the GATS


Book Description

Health ministries around the world face a new challenge: to assess the risks and respond to the opportunities of the increasing openness in health services under the World Trade Organization's (WTO) General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS). 'International Trade in Health Services and the GATS' addresses this challenge head-on by providing analytical tools to policymakers in health and trade ministries alike who are involved in the liberalization agenda and, specifically, in the GATS negotiations. This book informs and assists policymakers in formulating trade policy and negotiating internationally. There is ongoing and animated international debate about the impact of GATS on public services in general and health in particular. In response, the book offers different perspectives from more than 15 leading experts. Some of the authors stress opportunities linked to trade in health services, others focus more on the risks. The book offers: Detailed legal analysis of the impact of the agreement on health policy An overview of trade commitments in health-related services New empirical evidence from nine country studies A simple 10-step explanation on how to deal with GATS negotiations. 'International Trade in Health Services and the GATS' is a must-have resource for policymakers and other practitioners working in the trade and health sectors.




Designing Steel Structures for Fire Safety


Book Description

Structural design in fire conditions is conceptually similar to structural design in normal temperature conditions, but often more difficult because of internal forces induced by thermal expansion, strength reduction due to elevated temperatures, much larger deflections, and numerous other factors. Before making any design decisions it is esse