Early Aryans to Swaraj


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Swaraj


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The Origins of Higher Learning


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Higher education has become a worldwide phenomenon where students now travel internationally to pursue courses and careers, not simply as a global enterprise, but as a network of worldwide interconnections. The Origins of Higher Learning: Knowledge networks and the early development of universities is an account of the first globalisation that has led us to this point, telling of how humankind first developed centres of higher learning across the vast landmass from the Atlantic to the China Sea. This book opens a much-needed debate on the origins of higher learning, exploring how, why and where humankind first began to take a sustained interest in questions that went beyond daily survival. Showing how these concerns became institutionalised and how knowledge came to be transferred from place to place, this book explores important aspects of the forerunners of globalisation. It is a narrative which covers much of Asia, North Africa and Europe, many parts of which were little known beyond their own boundaries. Spanning from the earliest civilisations to the end of the European Middle Ages, around 700 years ago, here the authors set out crucial findings for future research and investigation. This book shows how interconnections across continents are nothing new and that in reality, humankind has been interdependent for a much longer period than is widely recognised. It is a book which challenges existing accounts of the origins of higher learning in Europe and will be of interest to all those who wish to know more about the world of academia.




Landscape, Seascape, and the Eco-Spatial Imagination


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Written from within the best traditions of ecocritical thought, this book provides a wide-ranging account of the spatial imagination of landscape and seascape in literary and cultural contexts from many regions of the world. It brings together essays by authors writing from within diverse cultural traditions, across historical periods from ancient Egypt to the postcolonial and postmodern present, and touches on an array of divergent theoretical interventions. The volume investigates how our spatial imaginations become "wired," looking at questions about mediation and exploring how various traditions compete for prominence in our spatial imagination. In what ways is personal experience inflected by prevailing cultural traditions of representation and interpretation? Can an individual maintain a unique and distinctive spatial imagination in the face of dominant trends in perception and interpretation? What are the environmental implications of how we see landscape? The book reviews how landscape is at once conceptual and perceptual, illuminating several important themes including the temporality of space, the mediations of place that form the response of an observer of a landscape, and the development of response in any single life from early, partial thoughts to more considered ideas in maturity. Chapters provide suggestive and culturally nuanced propositions from varying points of view on ancient and modern landscapes and seascapes and on how individuals or societies have arranged, conceptualized, or imagined circumambient space. Opening up issues of landscape, seascape, and spatiality, this volume commences a wide-ranging critical discussion that includes various approaches to literature, history and cultural studies. Bringing together research from diverse areas such as ecocriticism, landscape theory, colonial and postcolonial theory, hybridization theory, and East Asian Studies to provide a historicized and global account of our ecospatial imaginations, this book will be useful for scholars of landscape ecology, ecocriticism, physical and social geography, postcolonialism and postcolonial ecologies, comparative literary studies, and East Asian Studies.




The Crash of A Civilization


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The Current condition of each citizen, the society, and the nation are the result of a deeply complex history. But what we know from history books, especially academic textbooks, are constructs based on the narratives of political powers, colonists, and outdated socioeconomic analysts. The time has come to know and understand our true history from fresh and updated perspectives. The subject of this book is how foreign ideologies and forces Christian, Islamic, and later colonists, western and Marxists' profound and long-term influence have impacted India, her society, and people. With a computer science back- ground, Kanchan Banerjee makes this remarkable and significant contribution, attempting to depict the current era with unique and lively storytelling using carefully studied evidence, logical deduction, and analysis. He has given detailed and comprehensive descriptions and assessments from pre-Islamic Arabia's history, foreign attacks and invasions of the Huns, the Turks to the Islamic rule and occupation in Delhi, and the British colonial and imperial atrocities. How did the crash and fall of a great ancient civilization happen? How has it been wounded the body and soul of a nation to break into several pieces? And what is the way to change the direction to the path of recovery and revival? This book is an effort to find the answers to these questions from our true history. If we know our past, we can change our future as well.







The Story Behind Swaraj


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In "The Story Behind Swaraj," embark on a captivating journey through the tumultuous years of India's struggle for independence and the birth of a nation. This riveting book peels back the layers of history to reveal the fascinating and often untold stories that lay at the heart of the Swaraj movement. As the British Empire tightened its grip on India, a powerful and unyielding spirit of resistance began to emerge. This book takes you behind the scenes to witness the courageous individuals, the clandestine meetings, and the secret societies that laid the groundwork for one of the greatest revolutions in history. From the early pioneers like Dadabhai Naoroji and Bal Gangadhar Tilak to the fiery voices of Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai, "The Story Behind Swaraj" paints a vivid portrait of the visionaries who dared to dream of a free India. It explores the ideologies, strategies, and sacrifices that fueled the movement, including the transformative impact of Mahatma Gandhi's arrival on the Indian political stage. But "The Story Behind Swaraj" is not just a retelling of historical events; it's an exploration of the social, cultural, and economic forces that shaped the destiny of a nation. From the Jallianwala Bagh massacre to the Salt March, from the Non-Cooperation Movement to the Quit India Movement, this book brings these pivotal moments to life, allowing you to experience the passion, the pain, and the perseverance of those who fought for their homeland's freedom. In a world grappling with issues of identity, freedom, and self-determination, "The Story Behind Swaraj" serves as a powerful reminder of the indomitable human spirit and the transformative power of collective action. It sheds light on the complexities, the controversies, and the ideals that drove the quest for Swaraj, or self-rule. As you immerse yourself in the pages of this compelling narrative, you'll gain a deeper understanding of the forces that shaped modern India and inspired a generation to rise up against oppression. "The Story Behind Swaraj" is an enthralling account of a nation's struggle for sovereignty, a testament to the resilience of its people, and an exploration of the enduring quest for justice, equality, and liberty.




The Routledge Handbook of Translation History


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The Routledge Handbook of Translation History presents the first comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this multi-faceted disciplinary area and serves both as an introduction to carrying out research into translation and interpreting history and as a key point of reference for some of its main theoretical and methodological issues, interdisciplinary approaches, and research themes. The Handbook brings together 30 eminent international scholars from a wide range of disciplinary backgrounds, offering examples of the most innovative research while representing a wide range of approaches, themes, and cultural contexts. The Handbook is divided into four sections: the first looks at some key methodological and theoretical approaches; the second examines some of the key research areas that have developed an interdisciplinary dialogue with translation history; the third looks at translation history from the perspective of specific cultural and religious perspectives; and the fourth offers a selection of case studies on some of the key topics to have emerged in translation and interpreting history over the past 20 years. This Handbook is an indispensable resource for students and researchers of translation and interpreting history, translation theory, and related areas.




Gospel, Raj, and Swaraj


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C.F. Andrews, Gandhi's closest friend and the best-known missionary of modern India, first went to India in 1904 as a member of an Anglican missionary society, the Cambridge Mission, to Delhi. It was the high noon of the raj, British imperial rule in India. Ten years later, he left formal missionary work in order to involve himself more fully, with Gandhi and Tagore, in the struggle for swaraj, Indian self-rule. This study traces the development of his profound and original theological reflection through this formative decade, his deepening identification with the nationalist cause, his contribution to the making of an Indian Church, and his friendship with people of other faiths. In all of this, we see the emergence of what Gandhi called «the pattern of the ideal missionary», in an intercultural context, between raj and swaraj.




Aryans


Book Description

Few themes in history have had as strong a hold on people's imagination. Fewer still have managed to alter the course of civilization. This is Charles Allen's definitive account of the Aryans, offering a grand sweep of language, mythology, contested histories and conflict. Spanning continents, cultures and societies: from the Russian steppe to the Indus valley, the Iliad to the Mahabharata, Greek to Sanskrit, Putin to Trump, and Müller to Vivekananda, Aryans astonishes with its scope. Allen, true to a style that has endeared him to a legion of admirers, weaves a narrative that is startling and illuminating. Product of a great investigation and meticulous scholarship, , Allen's last book, is his crowning achievement and marks the end of an illustrious career. 'PRAISE FOR COROMANDEL 'Coromandel is lively and its stories well chosen.' – The Economist 'An engaging and meaningful account of a very long and complex history.' – Times Literary Supplement '[Makes] history interesting by combining natural storytelling vim with a magpie-sharp eye for shiny detail.'– India Today PRAISE FOR ASHOKA 'Like an explorer in a jungle, stripping away the foliage from a long-forgotten city, Charles Allen brings to light the most extraordinary ruler in Indian history.'– Tom Holland, author of Rubicon 'A labour of love and notable scholarship, Charles Allen's Ashoka is a fitting testament to a forgotten epic of discovery. . . All who relish India's antiquity should read this book.' – John Keay, author of Midnight's Descendants 'Read this and you will see how absorbing history can be.'– Lord Meghnad Desai, author of Rediscovery of India