› › Effects Of Nutrient Supply And Cooling On Growth Flower Bud Differentiation And Propagation Of The Nobile Dendrobium Orchid

Effects of Nutrient Supply and Cooling on Growth, Flower Bud Differentiation, and Propagation of the Nobile Dendrobium Orchid

Author : Christine Yung-Ting Yen

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Page : pages

File Size : 25,11 MB

Release : 2010

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Studies of Dendrobium Sea Mary 0́Snow King0́9 investigated the effect of nutrient termination (1 Aug., 1 Sept., or 1 Oct.) and reapplication [at the beginning, in the middle, immediately after, or 2 weeks after (relative to cooling), or no nutrient reapplication] on growth and flowering, quantified cooling requirements (10, 13, 15, or 18 °C for 2 to 6 weeks) for flowering, and determined optimum nutrient termination (on the three above dates) and nutrient rate (0.33, 0.67, or 1.33 g0́ØL-1 15N-2.3P-12.9K) for producing single-node cuttings. Regardless of reapplication stages, nutrient termination on 1 Oct. caused taller plants with more nodes, more leaves, more flowering nodes, more total flowers, and fewer aborted flowers than those being terminated earlier. Only buds protruding above 2 mm from pseudobulb surface showed differentiated floral structures. Plants with 1 Aug. nutrient termination had larger flower primordia than those with 1 Oct., indicating flower differentiated earlier or faster with an earlier nutrient termination. No reversion of reproductive to vegetative buds arose due to either late nutrient termination or resumption of nutrients during cooling. Interactions between temperature and cooling duration were significant on time required for anthesis and full flowering, recorded from either beginning or completion of cooling, average flower number per flowering node, and flower diameter. Increasing cooling duration from 2 to 6 weeks led plants to reach anthesis and full flowering faster after cooling; however, the increasing cooling duration actually extended total time for producing flowering crops. Increasing temperature from 10 to 15 °C accelerated flowering after cooling. Plants had more flowering nodes and total flowers when cooled at 10 to 15 °C than at 18 °C. The results suggest that 3 weeks of cooling at 13 or 15 °C produce quality flowering plants that require less time to reach flowering. Plants fertilized at 0.67 or 1.33 g0́ØL-1 were taller with 18% more nodes and more leaves than those receiving 0.33 g0́ØL-1. Increasing nutrient rate with prolonged supply to the plants caused more single-node cuttings to grow into vegetative shoots for propagation, fewer cuttings to transition to flowering nodes, and less flower abortion to occur.



The Orchid Genome

Author : Fure-Chyi Chen

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 174 pages

File Size : 41,10 MB

Release : 2021-04-20

Category : Science

ISBN : 3030668266

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Book Description

This book provides information on genome complexity and evolution, transcriptome analysis, miRNome, simple sequence repeats, genome relationships, molecular cytogenetics, polyploidy induction and application, flower and embryo development. Orchids account for a great part of the worldwide floriculture trade both as cut flowers and as potted plants and are assessed to comprise around 10% of global fresh cut flower trade. A better understanding of the basic botanical characteristics, flower regulation, molecular cytogenetics, karyotypes and DNA content of important orchids will aid in the efficient development of new cultivars. The book also describes the composition, expression and function of various microRNAs and simple sequence repeats. Information on their involvement in all aspects of plant growth and development will aid functional genomics studies.



Determining the Nutritional Requirements for Optimizing Flowering of the Nobile Dendrobium as a Potted Orchid

Author : Rebecca Gayle Bichsel

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Page : pages

File Size : 10,59 MB

Release : 2010

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Five experiments were conducted to determine how nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) rate and fertilizer termination time, duration of N application, and cold duration and light intensity affect growth and flowering of Dendrobium nobile Red Emperor 'Prince.' The N, P, and K experiments were a factorial combination of five nutrient rates and three termination dates (1 Sept., 1 Oct., and 1 Nov. 2005). N and K rates were 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg·L-1. Phosphorus rates were 0, 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg·L-1. For all nutrients, terminating fertilization on 1 Oct. or 1 Nov. resulted in thinner pseudobulbs. Pseudobulbs grew taller as N rate increased, peaking at 100 and 200 mg·L-1. There were interactions between N rate and fertilizer termination time on all reproductive characteristics. For all fertilizer termination times, flower number increased once N was applied. When terminated on 1 Nov., 200 and 400 mg·L-1 N caused a delay for the first flower to reach anthesis. Plants required more days to full flower when supplied with 200 mg·L-1 N until 1 Oct. All P rates resulted in taller plants with equally more nodes compared to 0 mg·L-1. For all three termination times, plants that were not supplied with P bloomed later than those receiving P. Plants produced the most flowers when P fertilization was terminated on 1 Oct. Plants required fewer days to reach full flower at the 1 Sept. P termination time. As K rate increased from 0 to 100 mg·L-1, height increased, with no further increase at higher rates. Total flower number and flowering node number were the lowest at 0 mg·L-1 K. Leaf number increased as N and K rates increased up to 200 mg·L-1. Nitrogen application did not affect vegetative or flowering characteristics when one rate was applied at four termination dates. In the last experiment, plants cooled at 10 [degrees] C for 2, 4, or 6 weeks with light or 4 weeks in darkness produced similar higher number of flowers per plant than those cooled in darkness for 2 or 4 weeks or those that remained in a greenhouse.



Effects of Vernalization Duration, Light Intensity During Vernalization and Low Temperature Holding After Vernalization on Flowering of Nobile Dendrobium Hybrids

Author : Min Lin

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Page : pages

File Size : 45,39 MB

Release : 2012

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Flowering time and flower quality of three nobile dendrobium hybrids in relation to vernalization duration and light intensity during vernalization were studied in the first experiment. Mature Dendrobium Red Emperor 'Prince', Dendrobium Sea Mary 'Snow King', and Dendrobium Love Memory 'Fizz' were cooled at 10 °C with 300 to 350 [mu]mol·m−2·s−1 photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) (12-h photoperiod) or darkness, each with four cooling durations (2, 4, 6, or 8 weeks). Plants were forced in a greenhouse after vernalization. At least 4 weeks of 10 °C cooling in light was needed for flower initiation of Red Emperor 'Prince'; whereas Sea Mary 'Snow King' and Love Memory 'Fizz' only needed 2 weeks of 10 °C cooling regardless of light. Darkness during vernalization slightly delayed flowering and resulted in fewer but larger flowers. Longer cooling duration delayed flowering, decreased the flower longevity, and produced larger and more flowers. In the second experiment, Love Memory 'Fizz' were cooled at 15 °C for 4 weeks with PPF of 0, 50, 100, or 200 [mu]mol·m−2·s−1 (12-h photoperiod). Compared to 200 [mu]mol·m−2·s−1, low PPF of 50 or 100 [mu]mol·m−2·s−1 did not affect flowering time or flower quality; however, darkness delayed flowering and reduced flower quality. The third experiment was aimed at developing a strategy to defer flowering of nobile dendrobium orchids by holding them under low temperature. Mature Den. Red Emperor 'Prince' and Den. Sea Mary 'Snow King' were held at 10 °C for various durations (0, 4, 8, 12 or 16 weeks) after vernalization (4 weeks at 10 °C). Plants were forced in a greenhouse after holding. Time to flowering, flower differentiation and flower quality were determined. Increase of low temperature holding duration from 0 to 16 weeks extended time to flowering up to 3 months and did not affect parameters of flower except producing larger flowers and reducing flower number per flowering node for Den. Red Emperor 'Prince'. Notably, the flower longevity was not adversely affected. Defoliation was aggravated in Den. Red Emperor 'Prince' by longer duration of cooling and was considered a detrimental effect of low temperature holding.





Orchid Propagation

Author : Edward Chee-Tak Yeung

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 410 pages

File Size : 31,60 MB

Release :

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ISBN : 1071640313

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Micropropagation of Orchids

Author : Tim Wing Yam

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 2363 pages

File Size : 20,42 MB

Release : 2017-07-05

Category : Science

ISBN : 1119187060

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Book Description

Divided into three volumes, Micropropagation of Orchids Third Edition retains the exhaustive list of micropropagation protocols for many genera and updates each section to include new and/or revised information about: Culture media and vessels Techniques and procedures for both orchids which were previously cultured and for those which were not Plant hormones and growth regulators Media components Methods for tissue decontamination Historical information Procedures for the cultivation for plantlets which have been removed from flasks Sources of light and illumination methods Written by two globally acknowledged experts in the field, the third edition of this definitive text on the micropropagation of orchids is a detailed and comprehensive collection of procedures and methods for multiplying orchids, including organ, tissue, and cell culture techniques in vitro and is intended for researchers in plant science and propagation, professional and amateur orchid growers, and plant breeding professionals. Much of the general information about techniques and procedures can be applied to plants other than orchids.







Orchid Biochemistry

Author : Jen-Tsung Chen

Publisher : MDPI

Page : 222 pages

File Size : 24,55 MB

Release : 2021-08-18

Category : Science

ISBN : 3036512969

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Book Description

Orchids are fascinating, with attractive flowers that sell in the markets and an increasing demand around the world. Additionally, some orchids are edible or scented and have long been used in preparations of traditional medicine. This book presents recent advances in orchid biochemistry, including original research articles and reviews. It provides in-depth insights into the biology of flower pigments, floral scent formation, bioactive compounds, pollination, and plant–microbial interaction as well as the biotechnology of protocorm-like bodies in orchids. It reveals the secret of orchid biology using molecular tools, advanced biotechnology, multi-omics, and high-throughput technologies and offers a critical reference for the readers. This book explores the knowledge about species evolution using comparative transcriptomics, flower spot patterning, involving the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathways, the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, which contributes to leaf color formation, gene regulation in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds, the mechanism of pollination, involving the biosynthesis of semiochemicals, gene expression patterns of volatile organic compounds, the symbiotic relationship between orchids and mycorrhizal fungi, techniques using induction, proliferation, and regeneration of protocorm-like bodies, and so on. In this book, important or model orchid species were studied, including Anoectochilus roxburghii, Bletilla striata, Cymbidium sinense, Dendrobium officinale, Ophrys insectifera, Phalaenopsis ‘Panda’, Pleione limprichtii.