El Curioso Averiguador De Valencia De Alcántara...


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This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.







Early Virginia Immigrants


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Secret Science


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The discovery of the New World raised many questions for early modern scientists: What did these lands contain? Where did they lie in relation to Europe? Who lived there, and what were their inhabitants like? Imperial expansion necessitated changes in the way scientific knowledge was gathered, and Spanish cosmographers in particular were charged with turning their observations of the New World into a body of knowledge that could be used for governing the largest empire the world had ever known. As María M. Portuondo here shows, this cosmographic knowledge had considerable strategic, defensive, and monetary value that royal scientists were charged with safeguarding from foreign and internal enemies. Cosmography was thus a secret science, but despite the limited dissemination of this body of knowledge, royal cosmographers applied alternative epistemologies and new methodologies that changed the discipline, and, in the process, how Europeans understood the natural world.




Memorias Antiguas Historiales Y Políticas Del Perú


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This is a transcription of Spanish priest and explorer Fernando de Montesinos' 1644 manuscript for Book II of Memorias historiales, a rare reference on early Peru and Andean culture. Distributed for the Yale Peabody Museum




Breve diccionario etimologico de la lengua espanola


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The main purpose of this etymological dictionary is to trace each Spanish word as far back as possible in order to acquaint the reader with the history of the evolution of the Spanish language; another of its aims is to help students learn vocabulary, e.g., the English word 'sky' does not help English speaking persons learn the Spanish work 'cielo' but the English word 'celestial' does. Etymology is the history of words, and, as words stand for things, it is also the history of things, and therefore of civilisation. The words analyzed in this dictionary cover every area of human endeavor, including science and technology; in addition to words, the book contains certain phrases, and many affixes. Although some Spanish words are not of Indo-European origin, most of them are. In view of the proportion of words with similar etymologies in certain languages, this Spanish etymological dictionary can also be used to find the origin of thousands of English, French, Italian and Portuguese words as well as that of many words from other languages. Many Indo-European roots are represented in Spanish words and therefore this dictionary forms a complete picture of Indo-European etymology. This etymological dictionary is of great value to all those working with, or interested in, the Spanish language. As a reference work it should be on the shelves of school, university and general public libraries as well as other appropriate reference libraries. It is of particular value to students and teachers of Spanish and to translators and conference interpreters.




Gatherings from Spain


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