Radio Frequency Radiation Dosimetry and Its Relationship to the Biological Effects of Electromagnetic Fields


Book Description

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) has sponsored research supporting development of personnel safety standards for exposure to Radio Frequency Radiation (RFR) for over a quarter century. NATO previously recognized that one of the most important tools used in the RFR effects research laboratory is accurate dosimetry when it supported a NATO Advanced Studies Institute (ASI) on Advances in Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Low Energy Electromagnetic Fields held in 1981, in Erice, Sicily. That meeting resulted in a NATO ASI publication; Biological Effects and Dosimetry of l Non-ionizing Radiation: Radiofrequency and Microwave Energies . The most recent NATO sponsored program on RFR was an Advanced Research Workshop (ARW) on "Developing a New Standardization Agreement (STANAG) for Radio frequency Radiation" held May 1993, at the Pratica di Mare Italian Air Force Base, Pomezia (Rome) Italy. That ARW produced an ASI proceedings, published in 1995: Radio frequency Radiation Standards, Biological Effects, Dosimetry, Epidemiology, and Public Health Policy2. The Rome ARW and the Proceedings served as a springboard to the much needed revision of the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 2345 MED "Evaluation and Control of Personnel Exposure to Radio Frequency Fields - 3 kHz to 300 GHz,,3, which was subsequently promulgated in October 1998. One of the published recommendations developed by the Rome ARW was to hold this second ARW focusing on dosimetry and measurements.




Dosimetry in Bioelectromagnetics


Book Description

Dosimetry refers to the calculation and assessment of the radiation dose received by the human body. The proposed book will place emphasis on the existence of physical and biophysical dosimetry. It will be discussed for the proper description and evaluation of the signal at the power generation system. It will cover in detail 10 different parameters of EMF (electromagnetism) exposure such as amplitude, frequency, vector, time of exposure, orientation, etc. In most published papers, these parameters are not well defined.




Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation


Book Description

During the last 35 years, there has been considerable develop ment and increase in the number of devices that emit nonionizing radiant energies. These energies such as radiofrequency including microwaves are used in all sectors of our society for military, industrial. telecommunications, medical, and consumer applications. This increase in sources of nonionizing radiant energies has resulted in growing interest on the part of government regulatory agencies, industrial and military physicians, research workers, clinicians, and environmentalists. Although there is information on biologic effects and potential hazards to man from exposure to microwave/radiofrequency energies, considerable confusion and misinformation has permeated not only the public press but also some scientific and technical publications. Because of the complexity of the interactions of nonionizing radiation in biological systems, an inter-disciplinary approach is necessary to assess and elucidate the problems that evolve as this field advances and as the use of these energies expands. It is important to maintain a proper perspective and assess realistically the biomedical effects of these radiant energies so that the worker or general public will not be unduly exposed nor will research, development and beneficial utilization of these energies be hampered or restricted by an undue concern for effects which may be nonexis tent or minimal in comparison to other environmental hazards.










Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation


Book Description

This reference explores the sources, characteristics, bioeffects, and health hazards of extremely low-frequency (ELF) fields and radio frequency radiation (RFR), analyzing current research as well as the latest epidemiological studies to assess potential risks associated with exposure and to develop effective safety guidelines. Compiles reports and investigations from four decades of study on the effect of nonionizing electromagnetic fields and radiation on human health Summarizing modern engineering approaches to control exposure, Electromagnetic Fields and Radiation discusses: EM interaction mechanisms in biological systems Explorations into the impact of EM fields on free radicals, cells, tissues, organs, whole organisms, and the population Regulatory standards in the United States, Canada, Europe, and Asia Pacific Evaluation of incident fields from various EM sources Measurement surveys for various sites including power lines, substations, mobile systems, cellular base stations, broadcast antennas, traffic radar devices, heating equipment, and other sources Dosimetry techniques for the determination of internal EM fields Conclusions reached by the Food and Drug Administration, World Health Organization, and other institutions




Biological Effects and Dosimetry of Nonionizing Radiation


Book Description

During the last 35 years, there has been considerable develop ment and increase in the number of devices that emit nonionizing radiant energies. These energies such as radiofrequency including microwaves are used in all sectors of our society for military, industrial. telecommunications, medical, and consumer applications. This increase in sources of nonionizing radiant energies has resulted in growing interest on the part of government regulatory agencies, industrial and military physicians, research workers, clinicians, and environmentalists. Although there is information on biologic effects and potential hazards to man from exposure to microwave/radiofrequency energies, considerable confusion and misinformation has permeated not only the public press but also some scientific and technical publications. Because of the complexity of the interactions of nonionizing radiation in biological systems, an inter-disciplinary approach is necessary to assess and elucidate the problems that evolve as this field advances and as the use of these energies expands. It is important to maintain a proper perspective and assess realistically the biomedical effects of these radiant energies so that the worker or general public will not be unduly exposed nor will research, development and beneficial utilization of these energies be hampered or restricted by an undue concern for effects which may be nonexis tent or minimal in comparison to other environmental hazards.