Elektrische Antriebstechnik


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Modern Electrical Drives


Book Description

Electrical drives lie at the heart of most industrial processes and make a major contribution to the comfort and high quality products we all take for granted. They provide the controller power needed at all levels, from megawatts in cement production to milliwatts in wrist watches. Other examples are legion, from the domestic kitchen to public utilities. The modern electrical drive is a complex item, comprising a controller, a static converter and an electrical motor. Some can be programmed by the user. Some can communicate with other drives. Semiconductor switches have improved, intelligent power modules have been introduced, all of which means that control techniques can be used now that were unimaginable a decade ago. Nor has the motor side stood still: high-energy permanent magnets, semiconductor switched reluctance motors, silicon micromotor technology, and soft magnetic materials produced by powder technology are all revolutionising the industry. But the electric drive is an enabling technology, so the revolution is rippling throughout the whole of industry.




Design and comparison of two brushless DC drives for an electric propulsion system of solar-power unmanned aerial vehicles


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The electrical propulsion system as the core component of solar-power Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for long duration flight requires high power density and stable drive technology. Brushless DC motors (BLDCM) with high power and torque density and control algorithms suitable for drive system are given preference for the application in UAVs. This dissertation is aimed at designing an improved BLDCM using only 4 interior magnet blocks to realize 8 poles compared to the conventional 8 magnet blocks structure. The performances of both BLDCM designs have been analytically determined and the motor models were verified through finite element software in ANSYS. Design and construction of the demonstrators of BLDCMs with the proposed and the conventional magnet structure have been carried out and a test bench for extensive performance comparison has been set up. Since the proposed magnet structure leads to a particularity of the magnetic circuit, the behavior of absolute and differential synchronous direct and quadrature inductances have been investigated by finite element model analysis and experiments. Efficiency maps were generated and thermal characteristics have been measured to gain a comprehensive understanding of the two motors. To reduce the uncertainty of sensor control for BLDCM, a high speed, good linearity analog isolation circuit to measure the voltages of 270 V DC voltage to realize sensorless control strategy has been designed. The circuit combines a PI controller with fast operational amplifiers with a built-in linearizing feedback photodiode loop of a linear optocoupler. A 3D stator model was built to analyse the mechanical resonance frequencies and possible excitation by the electromagnetic radial force leading to vibration and noise for the proposed and conventional rotor structure. Analytical calculation of natural mode frequencies has also been conducted to compare and validate the accuracy of FEM simulations and impact hammer testing experimental results. Das elektrische Antriebssystem als Kernkomponente von unbemannten Solarflugzeugen (UAVs, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) für Langzeitflüge erfordert eine hohe Leistungsdichte und robuste Antriebstechnik. Bürstenlose Gleichstrommotoren (BLDCM) mit hoher Leistungs- und Drehmomentdichte sowie dafür angepasste Regelalgorithmen werden daher bevorzugt in UAVs eingesetzt. Diese Dissertation zielt darauf ab, einen verbesserten BLDCM mit nur 4 eingebetteten Magnetblöcken zu entwerfen, um 8 Pole zu realisieren im Vergleich zu der herkömmlichen Struktur mit 8 Magnetblöcken. Das Verhalten beider BLDCM-Designs wurde analytisch ermittelt und die Motormodelle mit Hilfe von Finite-Elemente-Software in ANSYS verifiziert. Design und Konstruktion der Prototypen mit der vorgeschlagenen und der herkömmlichen Magnetstruktur wurden durchgeführt und es wurde ein Prüfstand für einen umfassenden Leistungsvergleich aufgebaut. Da die vorgeschlagene Magnetstruktur zu einem Magnetkreis führt, bei dem die entgegengesetzten Pole keine Spiegelsymmetrie aufweisen, wurden die Längs- und Querinduktivität durch Finite-Elemente-Modellanalyse und Experimente absolut und differentiell untersucht. Weiterhin wurden Wirkungsgradkennfelder erstellt und das thermische Verhalten untersucht, um ein umfassendes Verständnis der beiden Motoren zu erhalten. Um das sensorbedingte Ausfallrisiko zu eliminieren, wurde eine schnelle analoge Isolationsschaltung mit hoher Linearität und Stabilität zur Messung der gepulsten Spannungen bei 270V Gleichspannung entwickelt, um eine sensorlose Steuerungsstrategie zu realisieren. Die Schaltung verwendet einen linearen Optokoppler mit integrierter Rückkopplungsfotodiode, sowie einen PI-Regler mit schnellen Operationsverstärkern im Rückkopplungspfad. Ein 3D-Statormodell wurde erstellt, um die mechanischen Resonanzfrequenzen und die mögliche Anregung durch die elektromagnetische Radialkraft zu analysieren, die zu Vibrationen und Geräuschen bei der vorgeschlagenen und herkömmlichen Rotorstruktur führt. Es wurde auch eine analytische Modalanalyse durchgeführt, um die Genauigkeit von FEM-Simulationen und experimentellen Ergebnissen mit dem Impulshammer zu vergleichen und zu validieren.




Engineering Abstracts


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Intelligent Observer and Control Design for Nonlinear Systems


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This application-oriented monograph focuses on a novel and complex type of control systems. Written on an engineering level, including fundamentals, advanced methods and applications, the book applies techniques originating from new methods such as artificial intelligence, fuzzy logic, neural networks etc.




Machine Tools Production Systems 3


Book Description

The first part of this third volume focuses on the design of mechatronic components, in particular the feed drives of machine tools used to generate highly dynamic drive movements. Engineering guides for the selection and design of important machine components, the control technology of feed drives, and the measuring systems required for position capture are presented. Another focus is on process and diagnostic equipment for manufacturing machines and systems. The second part describes control concepts including programming methods for various applications of modern production systems. Programmable logic controllers (PLC), numerical controllers (NC) and robot controllers (RC) are part of these presentations. In the context of automated manufacturing systems, the various levels of the automation pyramid and the importance of control systems are also outlined. Finally, the volume deals with the engineering of machines and plants. The German Machine Tools and Production Systems Compendium has been completely revised. The previous five-volume series has been condensed into three volumes in the new ninth edition with colored technical illustrations throughout. This first English edition is a translation of the German ninth edition.




The Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and on Tracks


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A collection of the papers from the 17th Symposium of the International Association for Vehicle System Dynamics, held in 2001. This scientific symposium seeks to provide specialists and scientists in the field with a forum to exchange and discuss their experiences and ideas.




Understanding Wind Power Technology


Book Description

Wind energy technology has progressed enormously over the last decade. In coming years it will continue to develop in terms of power ratings, performance and installed capacity of large wind turbines worldwide, with exciting developments in offshore installations. Designed to meet the training needs of wind engineers, this introductory text puts wind energy in context, from the natural resource to the assessment of cost effectiveness and bridges the gap between theory and practice. The thorough coverage spans the scientific basics, practical implementations and the modern state of technology used in onshore and offshore wind farms for electricity generation. Key features: provides in-depth treatment of all systems associated with wind energy, including the aerodynamic and structural aspects of blade design, the flow of energy and loads through the wind turbine, the electrical components and power electronics including control systems explains the importance of wind resource assessment techniques, site evaluation and ecology with a focus of project planning and operation describes the integration of wind farms into the electric grid and includes a whole chapter dedicated to offshore wind farms includes questions in each chapter for readers to test their knowledge Written by experts with deep experience in research, teaching and industry, this text conveys the importance of wind energy in the international energy-policy debate, and offers clear insight into the subject for postgraduates and final year undergraduate students studying all aspects of wind engineering. Understanding Wind Power Systems is also an authoritative resource for engineers designing and developing wind energy systems, energy policy makers, environmentalists, and economists in the renewable energy sector.




Hybridantriebe für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen. 4. Fachtagung des VDMA und des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie, 20. Februar 2013, Karlsruhe


Book Description

Der Tagungsband "Hybridantriebe für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen" enthält die gesammelten Beiträge zu den Vorträgen der 4. Fachtagung am 20. Februar 2013. In 13 Artikeln wird über den Stand der Forschung und neue Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Hybridantriebe für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen berichtet. Die Themenschwerpunkte liegen auf Systemauslegung und Betriebsstrategien, der Potenzialabschätzung, der Simulation und Modellbildung, den elektrischen Antriebslösungen sowie Praxiserfahrungen.