En buena lógica


Book Description

No hay buenos y malos argumentos, sino argumentos mejores y peores. Hubert Marraud, autor de este libro, nos presenta su enfoque de la argumentación en dos partes principales: la analítica y la crítica. En la primera, entre otras cosas, nos muestra la definición de argumentar, la importancia de los conectores y operadores argumentativos y la adopción de un modelo descriptivo. En la segunda, describe de manera sistemática los estándares implícitos en nuestras prácticas argumentativas. Esta publicación busca ser un paso más en la consolidación de una comunidad hispanohablante de teóricos de la argumentación.




How Philosophers Argue


Book Description

This volume presents a double argumentative analysis of the debate between Bertrand Russell and Frederick Copleston on the existence of God. It includes an introduction justifying the choice of text and describing the historical and philosophical background of the debate. It also provides a transcript of the debate, based in part on the original recording. The argumentative analyses occupy Parts I and II of the book. In Part I the argumentative process is analysed by means of the ideal model of critical discussion, the workhorse of pragma-dialectics. Part I shows how the two parties go through the four stages of a critical discussion. It highlights the questions raised over and beyond the presiding question of whether God exists and examines almost a hundred questions that are raised. Many are left in the air, whereas a few others give rise to sundry sub-discussions or meta-dialogues. In Part II the theoretical framework of argument dialectic is put to work: argument structures are identified by means of punctuation marks, argumentative connectors and operators, allowing to see the argumentative exchange as the collaborative construction of a macro-argument. Such a macro-argument is both a joint product of the arguers and a complex structure representing the dialectical relationships between the individual arguments combined in it. Finally, the complementarity of the two approaches is addressed. Thus the book can be described as an exercise in adversarial collaboration.




Introducción a la teoría de la argumentación


Book Description

"Argumentar es casi tan natural como conversar. En realidad, toda argumentación es una forma de conversación. Argumentamos cuando damos razones a favor o en contra de una propuesta, para sentar una opinión o rebatir la contraria, para defender una solución o para suscitar un problema. Argumentamos cuando aducimos normas, valores o motivos para orientar en cierta dirección el sentir de un auditorio o el ánimo de un jurado, para fundar un veredicto, para justificar una decisión o para descartar una opción. Argumentamos cuando procuramos, en cualquier suerte de escrito, convencer al lector de ciertas ideas, posturas, actitudes, o prevenirlo frente a otras". Este libro trata sobre esta actividad fundamental que desarrollamos en nuestra vida diaria. El autor nos introduce al estudio de la teoría de la argumentación a partir de ejemplos de la vida cotidiana, permitiendo de este modo, sin perder rigor académico, persuadirnos y animarnos a su lectura desde sus primeras páginas. De la Presentación del autor




Giving Reasons


Book Description

This book provides a new, linguistic approach to Argumentation Theory. Its main goal is to integrate the logical, dialectical and rhetorical dimensions of argumentation in a model providing a unitary treatment of its justificatory and persuasive powers. This model takes as its basis Speech Acts Theory in order to characterize argumentation as a second-order speech act complex. The result is a systematic and comprehensive theory of the interpretation, analysis and evaluation of arguments. This theory sheds light on the many faces of argumentative communication: verbal and non-verbal, monological and dialogical, literal and non-literal, ordinary and specialized. The book takes into consideration the major current comprehensive accounts of good argumentation (Perelman’s New Rhetoric, Pragma-dialectics, the ARG model, the Epistemic Approach) and shows that these accounts have fundamental weaknesses rooted in their instrumentalist conception of argumentation as an activity oriented to a goal external to itself. Furthermore, the author addresses some challenging meta-theoretical questions such as the justification problem for Argumentation Theory models and the relationship between reasoning and arguing.




Filosofia E Histria Da Cincia No Cone Sul. Seleo de Trabalhos Do 5o Encontro


Book Description

This book contains a selection of papers presented at the V South Cone Meeting of Philosophy and History of Science (Florianópolis, Brazil, May 2006). The language of the chapters is Portuguese, Spanish or English. Published by the South Cone Association for Philosophy and History of Science, www.afhic.org.




Without Criteria


Book Description

A Deleuzian reading of Whitehead and a Whiteheadian reading of Deleuze open the possibility of a critical aesthetics of contemporary culture. In Without Criteria, Steven Shaviro proposes and explores a philosophical fantasy: imagine a world in which Alfred North Whitehead takes the place of Martin Heidegger. What if Whitehead, instead of Heidegger, had set the agenda for postmodern thought? Heidegger asks, “Why is there something, rather than nothing?” Whitehead asks, “How is it that there is always something new?” In a world where everything from popular music to DNA is being sampled and recombined, argues Shaviro, Whitehead's question is the truly urgent one. Without Criteria is Shaviro's experiment in rethinking postmodern theory, especially the theory of aesthetics, from a point of view that hearkens back to Whitehead rather than Heidegger. In working through the ideas of Whitehead and Deleuze, Shaviro also appeals to Kant, arguing that certain aspects of Kant's thought pave the way for the philosophical “constructivism” embraced by both Whitehead and Deleuze. Kant, Whitehead, and Deleuze are not commonly grouped together, but the juxtaposition of them in Without Criteria helps to shed light on a variety of issues that are of concern to contemporary art and media practices.




Argumentación, teoría y práctica. Manual introductorio a las teorías de la argumentación


Book Description

La teoría de la argumentación ha sido definida como la disciplina que estudia las técnicas que permiten a un orador convencer o persuadir a un auditorio de la validez de las tesis que le presenta, creando o reforzando su adhesión a ellas. La teoría de la argumentación surge a mediados del siglo pasado con Perelman y Toulmin como alternativa crítica al modelo lógico-matemático propugnado por la filosofía analítica del Círculo de Viena. Actualmente varias teorías confluyen en la pretensión de combinar los elementos de las tres disciplinas aristotélicas: lógica, dialéctica y retórica (van Eerneren, Habermas). El presente texto aspira a ser una introducción didáctica a las teorías de la argumentación de estos cuatro autores y a los problemas y soluciones que ellas plantean. El autor espera que este texto se constituya en una herramienta útil para todas aquellas personas que buscan mejorar su competencia para argumentar de forma convincente, persuasiva y eficaz, bajo el entendimiento de que el lenguaje, el discurso y el diálogo son los instrumentos para la búsqueda del acuerdo entre las personas, y de que el ejercicio libre, democrático y responsable de la palabra es un derecho y un deber del ciudadano actual.El autor espera que este texto se constituya en una herramienta útil para todas aquellas personas que buscan mejorar su competencia para argumentar de forma convincente, persuasiva y eficaz, bajo el entendimiento de que el lenguaje, el discurso y el diálogo son los instrumentos para la búsqueda del acuerdo entre las personas, y de que el ejercicio libre, democrático y responsable de la palabra es un derecho y un deber del ciudadano actual.




Crítica


Book Description




Who Cooked Adam Smith's Dinner?


Book Description

How do you get your dinner? That is the basic question of economics. When economist and philosopher Adam Smith proclaimed that all our actions were motivated by self-interest, he used the example of the baker and the butcher as he laid the foundations for 'economic man,' arguing that the baker and butcher didn't give bread and meat out of the goodness of their hearts. It's an ironic point of view coming from a bachelor who lived with his mother for most of his life—a woman who cooked his dinner every night.The economic man has dominated our understanding of modern-day capitalism, with a focus on self-interest and the exclusion of all other motivations. Such a view point disregards the unpaid work of mothering, caring, cleaning and cooking. It insists that if women are paid less, then that's because their labor is worth less.A kind of femininst Freakonomics, Who Cooked Adam Smith’s Dinner? charts the myth of economic man—from its origins at Adam Smith's dinner table, its adaptation by the Chicago School, and its disastrous role in the 2008 Global Financial Crisis—in a witty and courageous dismantling of one of the biggest myths of our time.




Possible Minds


Book Description

Science world luminary John Brockman assembles twenty-five of the most important scientific minds, people who have been thinking about the field artificial intelligence for most of their careers, for an unparalleled round-table examination about mind, thinking, intelligence and what it means to be human. "Artificial intelligence is today's story--the story behind all other stories. It is the Second Coming and the Apocalypse at the same time: Good AI versus evil AI." --John Brockman More than sixty years ago, mathematician-philosopher Norbert Wiener published a book on the place of machines in society that ended with a warning: "we shall never receive the right answers to our questions unless we ask the right questions.... The hour is very late, and the choice of good and evil knocks at our door." In the wake of advances in unsupervised, self-improving machine learning, a small but influential community of thinkers is considering Wiener's words again. In Possible Minds, John Brockman gathers their disparate visions of where AI might be taking us. The fruit of the long history of Brockman's profound engagement with the most important scientific minds who have been thinking about AI--from Alison Gopnik and David Deutsch to Frank Wilczek and Stephen Wolfram--Possible Minds is an ideal introduction to the landscape of crucial issues AI presents. The collision between opposing perspectives is salutary and exhilarating; some of these figures, such as computer scientist Stuart Russell, Skype co-founder Jaan Tallinn, and physicist Max Tegmark, are deeply concerned with the threat of AI, including the existential one, while others, notably robotics entrepreneur Rodney Brooks, philosopher Daniel Dennett, and bestselling author Steven Pinker, have a very different view. Serious, searching and authoritative, Possible Minds lays out the intellectual landscape of one of the most important topics of our time.