Energy Dissipation in Molecular Systems


Book Description

Energy Dissipation in Molecular Systems analyzes experimental data on the redistribution and dissipation of energy injected into molecular systems by radiation or charged particles. These processes, competing with such practically important relaxation channels as chemical reaction or stimulated emission (laser action), are the primary focus in this monograph. Among other topics, the book treats vibrational redistribution and electronic relaxation in isolated molecules and the effects of inter-molecular interactions (collisions, complex formation, solvent effects) on the relaxation paths. Primary photo-chemical processes (such as isomerization, proton or hydrogen-atom transfer, electron transfer and ionization) are also treated as particular cases of vibrational or electronic relaxation. Only a basic knowledge of quantum mechanics and spectroscopy is assumed and calculations are kept to a strict minimum, making the book more accessible to students.




Dynamics at Surfaces: Understanding Energy Dissipation and Physicochemical Processes at the Atomic and Molecular Level


Book Description

Energy release to solid interfaces following chemical reactions is ubiquitous in a vast range of phenomena. Energy dissipation and dynamical disorder (surface entropy), surface friction and molecular diffusion control the rates of heterogeneous catalytic reactions, the efficiency of novel technology, lubrication as well as materials growth including self-assembly and nano-structures. Yet we understand little about the underlying nature of these mechanisms. Fundamentally, energy dissipation including interactions with phonons and electron-hole pairs determines the lifetime of molecular vibrations and rotations as well as the decoherence rate of quantum states. These processes form a central point for many aspects in physical chemistry, are embedded in the mechanisms that control surface dynamical processes and are critical factors in catalysis. They are equally relevant for physicochemical processes in the Earth's atmosphere and astrochemistry occurring on cosmic dust grains.




Charge and Energy Transfer Dynamics in Molecular Systems


Book Description

This 3rd edition has been expanded and updated to account for recent developments, while new illustrative examples as well as an enlarged reference list have also been added. It naturally retains the successful concept of its predecessors in presenting a unified perspective on molecular charge and energy transfer processes, thus bridging the regimes of coherent and dissipative dynamics, and establishing a connection between classic rate theories and modern treatments of ultrafast phenomena. Among the new topics are: - Time-dependent density functional theory - Heterogeneous electron transfer, e.g. between molecules and metal or semiconductor surfaces - Current flows through a single molecule. While serving as an introduction for graduate students and researchers, this is equally must-have reading for theoreticians and experimentalists, as well as an aid to interpreting experimental data and accessing the original literature.




The Common Extremalities in Biology and Physics


Book Description

The Common Extremalities in Biology and Physics is the first unified systemic description of dissipative phenomena, taking place in biology, and non-dissipative (conservative) phenomena, which is more relevant to physics. Fully updated and revised, this new edition extends our understanding of nonlinear phenomena in biology and physics from the extreme / optimal perspective. The first book to provide understanding of physical phenomena from a biological perspective and biological phenomena from a physical perspective Discusses emerging fields and analysis Provides examples







Out-of-Equilibrium (Supra)molecular Systems and Materials


Book Description

A must-have resource that covers everything from out-of-equilibrium chemical systems and materials to dissipative self-assemblies Out-of-Equilibrium Supramolecular Systems and Materials presents a comprehensive overview of the synthetic approaches that use supramolecular bonds in various out-of-thermodynamic equilibrium situations. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the text contains information on the design of dissipative self-assemblies that maintain their structures when fueled by an external source of energy. The contributors also examine molecules and nanoscale objects and materials that can produce mechanical work based on molecular machines. Additionally, the book explores non-equilibrium supramolecular polymers that can be trapped in kinetically stable states, as well as out-of-equilibrium chemical systems and oscillators that are important to understand the emergence of complex behaviors and, in particular, the origin of life. This important book: Offers comprehensive coverage of fields from design of dissipative self-assemblies to non-equilibrium supramolecular polymers Presents information on a highly emerging and interdisciplinary topic Includes contributions from internationally renowned scientists Written for chemists, physical chemists, biochemists, material scientists, Out-of-Equilibrium Supramolecular Systems and Materials is an indispensable resource written by top scientists in the field.




Characterization of Liquids, Nano- and Microparticulates, and Porous Bodies using Ultrasound


Book Description

Two key words define the scope of this book: 'ultrasound' and 'colloids'. Historically, there has been little real communication between practitioners in these two fields. Although there is a large body of literature devoted to ultrasound phenomenon in colloids, there is little recognition that such phenomena may be of real importance for both the development and applications of colloid science. On the other side, colloid scientists have not embraced acoustics as an important tool for characterizing colloids. The lack of any serious dialogue between these scientific fields is the biggest motivation behind this book. Covers in detail this multidisciplinary field combining acoustics, electroacoustics, colloid science, analytical chemistry and rheology Provides a bibliography with more than 1,000 references Presents theories and their experimental verification, as well as analysis of the methods and hardware pertaining to applications such as pharmaceuticals, ceramics, and polymers




Out-of-Equilibrium (Supra)molecular Systems and Materials


Book Description

Out-of-Equilibrium (Supra)molecular Systems and Materials A must-have resource that covers everything from out-of-equilibrium chemical systems to active materials Out-of-Equilibrium (Supra)molecular Systems and Materials presents a comprehensive overview of the synthetic approaches that use molecular and supramolecular bonds in various out-of-equilibrium situations. With contributions from noted experts on the topic, the text contains information on the design of dissipative chemical systems that adapt their structures in space and time when fueled by an external source of energy. The contributors also examine molecules, nanoscale objects and materials that can produce mechanical work based on molecular machines. Additionally, the book explores living supramolecular polymers that can be trapped in kinetically stable states, as well as out-of-equilibrium chemical networks and oscillators that are important to understand the emergence of complex behaviors and, in particular, the origin of life. This important book: Offers comprehensive coverage of fields from design of out-of-equilibrium self-assemblies to molecular machines and active materials Presents information on a highly emerging and interdisciplinary topic Includes contributions from internationally renowned scientists Written for chemists, physical chemists, biochemists, material scientists, Out-of-Equilibrium (Supra)molecular Systems and Materials is an indispensable resource written by top scientists in the field.




Fractals in Physics


Book Description

Fractals in Physics




Rates and Mechanisms of Energy Dissipation and the Structure of Molecular Solids


Book Description

The research carried out covered a number of research areas. The use of spins of the lowest triplet state was studied as a probe of intramolecular intersystem energy transfer in molecules. The interplay between singlet and triplet of different electronic nature was quantitatively examined (publications 1-5, 8 and 13). Nonradiative processes in the gas phase and in solution were studied in publications 7,10,11 and 14. Spectral diffusion studies due to intermolecular energy transfer in solids were made for both spin transitions (publications 15 and 16), electronic transitions of rare earth ions in glasses (publications 6,17,18 and 20) and singlet-triplet electronic transitions in orientationally disordered solids (publications 19, 21-23). In all these studies, the mechanisms of the energy transfer processes involved are investigated in terms of the interaction coupling involved.