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Cardiovascular Diseases

Author : Nikolaos Papageorgiou

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 254 pages

File Size : 50,43 MB

Release : 2016-08-05

Category : Science

ISBN : 0128033134

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Book Description

Cardiovascular Diseases: Genetic Susceptibility, Environmental Factors and Their Interaction covers the special heritability characteristics and identifying genetic and environmental contributions to cardiovascular health. This important reference provides an overview of the genetic basis of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors. Included are important topics, ranging from lifestyle choices, risk factors, and exposure, to pollutants and chemicals. Also covered are the influences of Mendelian traits and familial aggregation and the interactions and interrelationships between genetics and environmental factors which, when compared, provide a sound understanding of the interplay between inherited and acquired risk factors. The book provides a much needed reference for this rapidly growing field of study. By combining the latest research within the structured chapters of this reference, a better understanding of genetic and environmental contribution to cardiovascular disease is found, helping to substantiate further investigations in the field and design prevention and treatment strategies. Provides an overview of the genetic basis of cardiovascular disease and its risk factors Reviews several large population-based studies which indicate that exposure to several environmental factors may increase CVD morbidity and mortality, exploring the plausibility of this association by data from animal studies Reflects on future studies to help understanding the role of genes and environmental factors in the development and progression of cardiovascular disease



Environmental Cardiology

Author : Aruni Bhatnagar

Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry

Page : 407 pages

File Size : 25,3 MB

Release : 2010-12-03

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1849732302

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Book Description

Although it is widely recognized that environmental factors such as smoking, diet, exercise, and socioeconomic status affect the risk of cardiovascular disease, recent work showing the effects of other environmental factors provides a more complete assessment of the situation. This view has emerged from three developments. Firstly, there has been a sudden explosion in the prevalence of diabetes and obesity which indicates a strong environmental component. Secondly, there is an accumulation of evidence suggesting that most cases of these diseases could be prevented by healthy lifestyle choices. Finally, studies have shown that exposure to environmental pollutants has a significant effect on heart disease risk. This book is the first to provide a comprehensive account of the effects of pollutants on heart disease and to integrate this area of research within the overall theme of environmental cardiology. The introductory chapter outlines the effects of different aspects of the environment on heart disease and provides a context for the discussion that follows. Subsequent chapters give an overview of the effects of particulate matter and discuss the epidemiological studies supporting the link. The book then goes on to cover the effects of pollution on different aspects of cardiovascular disease (hypertension, stroke, heart failure, ischemic heart disease and atherogenesis). Because of a close association between diabetes and heart disease, a discussion of the effects of particulate matter on diabetes is also included. Later chapters discuss the effects of individual pollutants such as vehicular emissions, metals and aldehydes. A review on manufactured nanoparticles is incorporated because these particles represent an important new threat to cardiovascular health. The understanding that emerges from this monograph suggests that we must be more alert to the effects of the environment and develop strategies that target, not only the diseased individual, but also the unhealthy, disease-causing environment. It is essential reading for cardiologists, epidemiologists, urban planners and pollution control specialists.



U.S. Health in International Perspective

Author : National Research Council

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 421 pages

File Size : 47,70 MB

Release : 2013-04-12

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 0309264146

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Book Description

The United States is among the wealthiest nations in the world, but it is far from the healthiest. Although life expectancy and survival rates in the United States have improved dramatically over the past century, Americans live shorter lives and experience more injuries and illnesses than people in other high-income countries. The U.S. health disadvantage cannot be attributed solely to the adverse health status of racial or ethnic minorities or poor people: even highly advantaged Americans are in worse health than their counterparts in other, "peer" countries. In light of the new and growing evidence about the U.S. health disadvantage, the National Institutes of Health asked the National Research Council (NRC) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to convene a panel of experts to study the issue. The Panel on Understanding Cross-National Health Differences Among High-Income Countries examined whether the U.S. health disadvantage exists across the life span, considered potential explanations, and assessed the larger implications of the findings. U.S. Health in International Perspective presents detailed evidence on the issue, explores the possible explanations for the shorter and less healthy lives of Americans than those of people in comparable countries, and recommends actions by both government and nongovernment agencies and organizations to address the U.S. health disadvantage.





Environmental Factors in Cardiovascular Disease

Author :

Publisher :

Page : pages

File Size : 30,23 MB

Release : 2005

Category :

ISBN :

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Book Description

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death in Sweden and other developed countries. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the role of certain environmental factors in the etiology of cardiovascular disease, expressed as hypertension and myocardial infarction, focusing on aircraft noise, environmental tobacco smoke, drinking water hardness, and ambient air pollution. The thesis is based on two epidemiological materials, i.e. an Environmental Health Survey (EHsurvey) in Stockholm county during 1997 and the Stockholm Heart Epidemiology Program (SHEEP), which is a county-wide case-control study of myocardial infarction 19921994. Aircraft noise exposure was assessed for 266 residents in the vicinity of Arlanda airport and 2693 inhabitants in other parts or the county who answered the EH-survey. The SHEEPstudy, comprising 2246 cases of myocardial infarction and 3206 population controls, was used to investigate the importance of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, intake of drinking water magnesium and calcium, and exposure to source-specific residential air pollution. Exposure to energy-averaged aircraft noise above 55 dBA was associated with an adjusted odds ratio for hypertension of 1.59 (95% Cl 1.00-2.53), and maximum aircraft noise above 72 dBA was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.76 (95% Cl 1. 12-2.77). A dose-response relation between aircraft noise and hypertension prevalence was suggested. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke at home and work was associated with an increased risk of nonfatal myocardial infarction among never-smokers, both with regard to intensity, duration, time since last exposure, and cumulative dose. For example, spousal exposure of 20 cigarettes per day or more was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.58 (95% Cl 0.97-2.56), and cumulative combined exposure at home and work was associated with an adjusted odds ratio of 1.55 (95% Cl 1.022.34) in the top decile of exposure. An inter-quartile range increase in th





Planet Heart

Author : François Reeves

Publisher : Greystone Books

Page : 200 pages

File Size : 37,93 MB

Release : 2014-03-14

Category : Health & Fitness

ISBN : 1771000821

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Book Description

We’ve all heard the risk factors for cardiovascular disease: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, obesity, smoking, stress, and a sedentary lifestyle. But what about our environment? Despite almost 500 recent studies that show the links between air and water quality, biodiversity, and heart health, a poor environment as a critical cardiovascular risk factor has largely been ignored. In Planet Heart, cardiologist François Reeves aims to redress this imbalance with an incisive and authoritative look at the subject. Why did North America experience an explosion of cardiovascular disease in the mid-20th century? Why are people in China, who were until recently protected from cardiovascular disease, now suffering a surge of heart attacks? Why are there more heart attacks during episodes of smog? Why would living near an urban green space halve the difference in cardiac mortality between the rich and poor? In his lively, accessible text, Reeves not only sheds light on these questions with the latest scientific evidence but also offers tangible solutions that could mean better health for our hearts and for our planet. Published in partnership with the David Suzuki Foundation



Health of People, Health of Planet and Our Responsibility

Author : Wael Al-Delaimy

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 417 pages

File Size : 19,92 MB

Release : 2020-05-13

Category : Medical

ISBN : 3030311252

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Book Description

This open access book not only describes the challenges of climate disruption, but also presents solutions. The challenges described include air pollution, climate change, extreme weather, and related health impacts that range from heat stress, vector-borne diseases, food and water insecurity and chronic diseases to malnutrition and mental well-being. The influence of humans on climate change has been established through extensive published evidence and reports. However, the connections between climate change, the health of the planet and the impact on human health have not received the same level of attention. Therefore, the global focus on the public health impacts of climate change is a relatively recent area of interest. This focus is timely since scientists have concluded that changes in climate have led to new weather extremes such as floods, storms, heat waves, droughts and fires, in turn leading to more than 600,000 deaths and the displacement of nearly 4 billion people in the last 20 years. Previous work on the health impacts of climate change was limited mostly to epidemiologic approaches and outcomes and focused less on multidisciplinary, multi-faceted collaborations between physical scientists, public health researchers and policy makers. Further, there was little attention paid to faith-based and ethical approaches to the problem. The solutions and actions we explore in this book engage diverse sectors of civil society, faith leadership, and political leadership, all oriented by ethics, advocacy, and policy with a special focus on poor and vulnerable populations. The book highlights areas we think will resonate broadly with the public, faith leaders, researchers and students across disciplines including the humanities, and policy makers.



Heart Disease

Author : Gerdi Weidner

Publisher : IOS Press

Page : 408 pages

File Size : 28,97 MB

Release : 2002

Category : Medical

ISBN : 9781586030827

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Book Description

Annotation This book addresses one major question: Why do men get more heart disease than women? Recent global trends in heart disease show that traditional coronary risk factors, such as elevated blood pressure and cholesterol are poor candidates in explaining the gender gap in heart disease. Changes in these risk factors also cannot explain the recent cardiovascular disease epidemic among middle-aged men in Eastern Europe. This book will focus on environmental, behavioral, and psychosocial variables, as well as new risk factors of a biological nature in an attempt to understand the gender gap in heart disease. It combines perspectives from numerous disciplines, such as demography, epidemiology, medicine, sociology, and psychology. This book features the work of a distinguished group of international researchers appearing in Richard Stone's report on "Stress: the invisible hand in Eastern Europe's death rates" (Science, vol. 288, June 9, 2000, pp. 1732-33). It combines perspectives from numerous disciplines, such as demography, epidemiology, medicine, nutrition, sociology, and psychology to explore the environmental, behavioral, and psychosocial influences on men's greater susceptibility to heart disease



Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health

Author : Roger Detels

Publisher : Oxford University Press

Page : 1717 pages

File Size : 42,93 MB

Release : 2017

Category : Medical

ISBN : 019881013X

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Book Description

Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline