Author : Sarah D. Jones
Publisher :
Page : 493 pages
File Size : 20,81 MB
Release : 2019
Category : Obesity in adolescence
ISBN :
Book Description
BACKGROUND: Disparities in the prevalence of childhood obesity exist among children from different race and socioeconomic groups. While these factors cannot cause obesity, these factors, along with many other factors may influence dietary intake and quality, both major contributors to obesity. PURPOSE: This research examined the relationships between intrapersonal, interpersonal, and environmental factors with dietary intake and quality as children transitioned into adolescence. METHODS: Data from a 7-year childhood obesity trial were used. Dietary intake (calories, added sugar, total fat, saturated fat, protein, sodium, calories per kilogram body weight) and diet quality (Healthy Eating Index-2010 total score) were measured through 3, 24-hour recalls. Intrapersonal factors (demographics, generational obesity, self-efficacy for diet), interpersonal factors (parental rules, family/peer support for healthy eating), and home and school environmental factors were self-reported. Neighborhood food environment was measured through the proportion of unhealthy food establishments within a 0.5-mile of home and school. Bivariate and multivariate linear regression was used to identify significant factors associated with all outcomes at 11-12 years and 14-15 years, as well as to examine the association between changes in the environment with changes in dietary outcomes over time. RESULTS: Results showed several intrapersonal (gender, generational obesity, self-efficacy for diet), interpersonal (discouragement for healthy eating from friends), and environmental (both food within and around the home) factors simultaneously influenced dietary intake at ages 11-12. At ages 14-15, dietary intake was influenced by intrapersonal (gender, generational obesity, self-efficacy for diet) and environmental (food in home) factors, while diet quality was influenced by the home food environment. Over time, changes in the food available within and around the home were significantly associated with both dietary intake and quality. CONCLUSIONS: This research demonstrated the importance of utilizing a multilevel approach when examining factors that influence diet of overweight and obese youth. When examined together, environmental factors, particularly the home food environment, appeared to be more important than personal or social influences; however, more research around the specific foods consumed both within and around the home needs to be completed. This study could influence the development of policies and interventions to improve diet and decrease obesity among low-SES, urban youth.