Soil Quality Standards for Indonesia


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The Greening of Aid


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The development of poor countries has so often meant the export of Northern technology for ambitious schemes designed to make money the latest giant dam, oil refinery, logging process or pesticide factory. But such 'aid' has frequently been ecologically destructive and its crippling cost has ended up making life immeasurably worse for those it was supposed to help. Using examples from Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Central and South America, this book shows there are forms of development that allow people to control their own resources while improving their condition and enhancing their environment. The 33 case studies from agriculture, fishing and industry were commissioned by the International Institute for Environment and Development from people closely involved in the projects, with overviews by Robert Chambers, John Michael Kramer, Marilyn Carr, David Butcher and Yves Cabannes. Originally published in 1988




A Directory of Impact Assessment Guidelines


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Collaborative Learning Through Computer Conferencing


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The idea for the Workshop on which this book is based arose from discussions which we had when we both attended an earlier - and more broadly based - NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Computer Supported Collaborative Learning, directed by Claire O'Malley in Maratea, Italy, in 1989. We both felt that it would be interesting to organise a second Workshop in this area, but specifically concerned with the use of computers and networking (telematics) as communication tools for collaborative learning outside the formal school setting. We were particularly interested in examining the ways in which computer conferencing can be used for collaboration and group learning in the contexts of distance education, adult learning, professional training, and organisational networking. And we wanted to ensure that we included, in the scope of the Workshop, situations in which learning is a primary, explicit goal (e.g. an online training programme) as well as situations where learning occurs as a secondary, even incidental, outcome of a collaborative activity whose explicit purpose might be different (e.g. the activities of networked product teams or task groups). Another goal was to try to bring together for a few days people with three different perspectives on the use of computer conferencing: users, researchers, and software designers. We hoped that, if we could assemble a group of people from these three different constituencies, we might, collectively, be able to make a small contribution to real progress in the field.







Creating a Common Future


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Marine Park Management in Indonesia


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Program and Policy Implementation


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Marine Biodiversity Management


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