› › Enzymes In The Environment

Enzymes in the Environment

Author : Richard G. Burns

Publisher : CRC Press

Page : 740 pages

File Size : 21,35 MB

Release : 2002-01-29

Category : Science

ISBN : 0824744209

Get eBook

Book Description

The need to understand the biological processes that are important for essential aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem function has prompted much research into the field of ecological enzymology. This book presents the two broad areas of application in a compilation of reviews by 21 international experts in their respective fields. The first explores enzymatic activities to assess the processes or mechanisms that operate in a given system, such as the rhizosphere, plant leaves and shoots, soil surfaces, and biofilms. The second considers enzymes or microbial cells as sensors to detect microbial activity and stresses due to pollution, management, or climatic change in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems.



Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments

Author : Ryszard J. Chrost

Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media

Page : 333 pages

File Size : 33,6 MB

Release : 2012-12-06

Category : Science

ISBN : 146123090X

Get eBook

Book Description

Organic matter in aquatic environments consists mostly of large compounds which cannot be taken up and utilized directly by microbial cells. Prior to incorporation, polymeric materials undergo degradation by cell-bound and extracellular enzymes produced by these microbes; in fact, such enzymatic mobilization and transformation is the key process which regulates the turnover of organic as well as inorganic compounds in aquatic environments. This volume brings together studies on enzymatic degradation processes from disciplines as diverse as water and sediment research, bacterial and algal aquatic ecophysiology, eutrophication, and nutrient cycling and biogeochemistry, in both freshwater and marine ecosystems. Its scope extends from fundamental research exploring the contribution of microbial enzymatic processes to whole ecosystem functioning to practical applications in water biotechnology. The first comprehensive publication providing an overview of this emerging field of enzymology, Microbial Enzymes in Aquatic Environments will be of great interest to ecologists and microbiologists alike.



Microbes and Enzymes in Soil Health and Bioremediation

Author : Ashok Kumar

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 407 pages

File Size : 10,89 MB

Release : 2019-11-23

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9811391173

Get eBook

Book Description

Microbial enzymes play a vital role in maintaining soil health and removing pollutants from contaminated land. Soil microflora is closely associated with maintaining soil fertility, and the use of chemical pesticides, fertilizers and other volatile sprays in agriculture threatens the health ofthe microbial population in the soil. Every single particle of healthy soil contains millions of bacteria, which interact with the nutrients available, sustaining the nutrient cycle and making this microflora an essential component of life on earth. How do microbes help in the nutrient cycle? Either by intracellular digestion of macromolecules and converting these into smaller units in their metabolic pathways, or by secreting enzymes into the extracellular environment to facilitate the conversion of complex macromolecules into micro-molecules that can be easily absorbed by other living species. To meet demands for energy and food for the growing global population, it is important to protect agricultural land from contamination and maintain its productivity. Heavy metal ions from contaminated land canenter crops, fish or aquatic organismsvia contaminated water, and theseare then taken up by the human body, where they can accumulate and alter the normal microflora. The microbiological component of the soil is ahighly complex system and is still not fully understood. How do microbes survive in the changing physicochemical environment of soil?. This book helps readers understand the mechanism, various routes of microbialsoil remediation, the interactionsof different genera, and how microbial enzymes support the sustainable restoration of healthy soil.



Enzymes for Solving Humankind's Problems

Author : José J. G. Moura

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 507 pages

File Size : 15,61 MB

Release : 2020-12-01

Category : Science

ISBN : 3030583155

Get eBook

Book Description

This book presents specific key natural and artificial systems that are promising biocatalysts in the areas of health, agriculture, environment and energy. It provides a comprehensive account of the state of the art of these systems and outlines the significant progress made in the last decade using these systems to develop innovative, sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions. Chapters from expert contributors explore how natural enzymes and artificial systems tackle specific targets such as: climate change, carbon footprint and economy and carbon dioxide utilisation; nitrogen footprint and fixation and nitrous oxide mitigation; hydrogen production, fuel cells and energy from bacteria; biomass transformation and production of added-value compounds, as well as biosensors development. This book provides an important and inspiring account for the designing of new natural and artificial systems with enhanced properties, and it appeals not only to students and researchers working in the fields of energy, health, food and environment, but also to a wider audience of educated readers that are interested in these up-to-date and exciting subjects. Chapter “Carbon Dioxide Utilisation—The Formate Route” is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.



Bioprospecting of Enzymes in Industry, Healthcare and Sustainable Environment

Author : Hrudayanath Thatoi

Publisher : Springer Nature

Page : 408 pages

File Size : 39,67 MB

Release : 2021-01-23

Category : Science

ISBN : 9813341955

Get eBook

Book Description

The rapid urbanization and industrialization of developing countries across the globe have necessitated for substantial resource utilization and development in the areas of Healthcare, Environment, and Renewable energy. In this context ,this resourceful book serves as a definitive source of information for the recent developments in application of microbial enzymes in various sectors. It covers applications in fermentation processes and their products, extraction and utilisation of enzymes from various sources and their application in health and biomass conversion for production of value added products. Different chapters discuss various areas of bioprospecting in enzyme technology, and describe why these are the mainstays for industrial production of value added products. The rich compilation of the cutting-edge advances and applications of the modern industrial based techniques hold feasible solutions for a range of current issues in enzyme technology. This book will be of particular interest for scientists, academicians, technical resource persons, engineers and members of industry. Undergraduate and graduate students pursuing courses in the area of industrial biotechnology will find the information in the book valuable. General readers having interest towards biofuels, enzyme technology, fermented food and value added products, phytochemicals and phytopharmaceutical products will also find the book appealing. Readers will discover modern concepts of enzymatic bioprocess technology for production of therapeutics and industrial value added products.



Extracellular Enzymes in Aquatic Environments: Exploring the Link Between Genomic Potential and Biogeochemical Consequences

Author : Maria Montserrat Sala

Publisher : Frontiers Media SA

Page : 159 pages

File Size : 42,37 MB

Release : 2019-09-19

Category :

ISBN : 2889630048

Get eBook

Book Description

Microbial extracellular enzymes are fundamental to the cycling of elements in aquatic systems. The regulation of these enzymatic reactions in oceans, lakes and streams is under complex multiple control by environmental factors and the metabolic capacities of different taxa and communities. While the environmental control of enzyme-mediated processes has been investigated for over 100 years, in recent years tremendous progress in techniques to characterize the metabolic potential of microbial communities (“omics” techniques) has been made, such as high-throughput sequencing and new analytical algorithms. This book explores the controls, activities, and biogeochemical consequences of enzymes in aquatic environments. It brings together experimental studies and fieldwork conducted with natural microbial communities in marine and freshwater ecosystems as well as physiological, biochemical and molecular studies on microbial communities in these environments, or species isolated from them. Additionally, the book contributes to the ongoing debate on the impact of anthropogenic climate change and pollution on microbes, extracellular enzymes and substrate turnover.



Enzyme Immobilization

Author : Alka Dwevedi

Publisher : Springer

Page : 141 pages

File Size : 41,44 MB

Release : 2016-09-15

Category : Science

ISBN : 3319414186

Get eBook

Book Description

This book covers the latest developments in enzyme immobilization with its wide applications, such as for industry, agriculture, medicine, and the environment. Topics covered include basics of enzyme immobilization, its implication in therapeutics and disease diagnostics, and its significance in solving environmental problems. This is an ideal book for researchers, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as scientists in industry, agriculture and health sectors. This book is a complete summary of enzyme immobilization and also thoroughly covers all the latest research. This book covers: The last one-hundred years of innovative research done in enzyme immobilization Recent developments in immobilization techniques, such as types of matrices, immobilization methods, and linking agents, as well as enzyme immobilization without any matrices and its properties The physiological and industrial significance of enzymes from plants and the implementation of immobilized enzymes in the treatment of waste water and polluted air Biomedical and bioanalytical applications of immobilized enzymes



Green Bio-processes

Author : Binod Parameswaran

Publisher : Springer

Page : 451 pages

File Size : 34,21 MB

Release : 2018-11-03

Category : Technology & Engineering

ISBN : 9811332630

Get eBook

Book Description

This volume discusses recent advancements to the age old practice of using microbial enzymes in the preparation of food. Written by leading experts in the field, it discusses novel enzymes and their applications in the industrial preparation of food to improve taste and texture, while reducing cost and increasing consistency. This book will be of interest to both researchers and students working in food technology.



Enzymes in Industry

Author : Wolfgang Aehle

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 516 pages

File Size : 10,10 MB

Release : 2008-01-08

Category : Science

ISBN : 3527617108

Get eBook

Book Description

Leading experts from all over the world present an overview of the use of enzymes in industry for: - the production of bulk products, such as glucose, or fructose - food processing and food analysis - laundry and automatic dishwashing detergents - the textile, pulp and paper and animal feed industries - clinical diagnosis and therapy - genetic engineering. The book also covers identification methods of new enzymes and the optimization of known ones, as well as the regulatory aspects for their use in industrial applications. Up to date and wide in scope, this is a chance for non-specialists to acquaint themselves with this rapidly growing field. '...The quality...is so great that there is no hesitation in recommending it as ideal reading for any student requiring an introduction to enzymes. ...Enzymes in Industry - should command a place in any library, industrial or academic, where it will be frequently used.' The Genetic Engineer and Biotechnologist 'Enzymes in Industry' is an excellent introduction into the field of applied enzymology for the reader who is not familiar with the subject. ... offers a broad overview of the use of enzymes in industrial applications. It is up-to-date and remarkable easy to read, despite the fact that almost 50 different authors contributed. The scientist involved in enzyme work should have this book in his or her library. But it will also be of great value to the marketing expert interested in the present use of enzymes and their future in food and nonfood applications.' Angewandte Chemie 'This book should be available to all of those working with, or aspiring to work with, enzymes. In particular academics should use this volume as a source book to ensure that their 'new' projects will not 'reinvent the wheel'.' Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology



The Exocrine Pancreas

Author : Stephen Pandol

Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers

Page : 66 pages

File Size : 17,15 MB

Release : 2011

Category : Medical

ISBN : 1615041389

Get eBook

Book Description

The secretions of the exocrine pancreas provide for digestion of a meal into components that are then available for processing and absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Without the exocrine pancreas, malabsorption and malnutrition result. This chapter describes the cellular participants responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes and fluid that in combination provide a pancreatic secretion that accomplishes the digestive functions of the gland. Key cellular participants, the acinar cell and the duct cell, are responsible for digestive enzyme and fluid secretion, respectively, of the exocrine pancreas. This chapter describes the neurohumoral pathways that mediate the pancreatic response to a meal as well as details of the cellular mechanisms that are necessary for the organ responses, including protein synthesis and transport and ion transports, and the regulation of these responses by intracellular signaling systems. Examples of pancreatic diseases resulting from dysfunction in cellular mechanisms provide emphasis of the importance of the normal physiologic mechanisms.