Equivalence in Financial Services


Book Description

Equivalence in Financial Services offers a comprehensive and cross-industry examination of the rules and procedures under EU financial legislation dedicated to third-country market actors. The equivalence regime has become particularly topical after Brexit, as the United Kingdom is now a third country from the perspective of the European Union. This book investigates whether the current equivalence system is fit for its purpose, namely facilitating cross-border finance while minimizing as extensively as possible financial risks. After describing how the European Commission adopts equivalence measures, the book examines the implementation of the equivalence regime for the following entities: Credit Rating Agencies, Benchmarks, Trading Venues, Investment Firms, Investment Funds, Central Securities Depositories, Trade Repositories, and Central Counterparties. Addressing the most recent policy and legal developments, Equivalence in Financial Services provides an insightful guide into this complex area of financial regulation for scholars of financial regulation, legal practitioners, and policy makers.







Brexit and Financial Regulation


Book Description

Brexit will have a significant impact on the UK financial services system. This book provides guidance on the complexity of Brexit as it applies to financial institutions through the eyes of leading lawyers. It covers issues of market access, transposition of directly applicable regulation,the assumption of roles carried out by the European Supervisory Authorities ("ESA"), and the impact on cross-border contracts. Brexit and Financial Regulation navigates the future of the EU and UK's approach to bank and investment firm authorisation, the EU concept of equivalence and changes to keypieces of EU legislation. It identifies which pieces of EU legislation contain equivalence provisions and describes the equivalence process. It considers issues relating to characteristic performance, dealing with the test of where services are actually carried out in the EU.The book addresses communications from the EU institutions on the approach to be taken regarding the authorisation of banks and investment firms in the EU27. Of particular importance is consideration of the opinions issued in 2017 by the European Banking Authority and the European Securities andMarkets Authority. This analysis also includes a review of the approach taken by key EU27 jurisdictions such as Germany, France, and the Netherlands.Crucially, the work considers the position of HM Treasury, the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA) and Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) in taking on the roles of the ESAs, and how highly technical and detailed EU regulatory technical standards and ESA guidance will be transposed into the PRARulebook and FCA Handbook. It covers the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 and relevant changes to financial services legislation. The Overseas Persons Exclusion contained in the Regulated Activities Order is also discussed.The book also examines the role of international regulatory bodies and international standards. These international standards and agreements have been implemented in EU legislation such as the Capital Requirements Directive IV and the Capital Requirements Regulation. The development of internationalregulation and the UK's influence on it are important components in the post Brexit landscape. Breaking Brexit issues into accessible, structured chapters, leading practitioners from across the City of London unpack legal complexities, sharing a wealth of experience. This is a timely and invaluablework for all those advising or dealing with financial institutions in the UK and the EU.




The Great Financial Plumbing


Book Description

The financial crisis has led to a far-reaching redesign of the European regulatory and supervisory framework. Following the commitments made in the context of the G-20, but also reacting to internal shortcomings, the EU engaged in a massive program to re-regulate financial markets. The EU furthermore redesigned the structure for supervisory cooperation, initially through the European Supervisory Authorities, and later in its ambition to form the Banking Union. In The Great Financial Plumbing, Karel Lannoo systematically assesses the new regulatory and supervisory framework. The book’s structure follows the big questions on the agenda: 1) What is Banking Union? 2) How have the concerns of the G-20 been addressed by the EU (oversight of credit-rating agencies, better capital for banks, the re-regulation of securities and derivatives markets, asset management, depositor protection and bank resolution)? 3) How were uniquely EU rules on state aid applied to the banking sector? This book is designed to give professionals, policy-makers and students a better understanding of the new regulatory framework and insights into the policy context that has led to the new rules governing financial markets in Europe.




The UK and Multi-level Financial Regulation


Book Description

The UK and Multi-level Financial Regulation examines the role of the United Kingdom (UK) in shaping post-crisis financial regulatory reform, and assesses the implications of the UK's withdrawal from the European Union (EU). It develops a domestic political economy approach to examine how the interaction of three domestic groups - elected officials, financial regulators, and the financial industry - shaped UK preferences, strategy, and influence in international and EU-level regulatory negotiations. The framework is applied to five case studies: bank capital and liquidity requirements; bank recovery and resolution rules; bank structural reforms; hedge fund regulation; and the regulation of over-the-counter derivatives. It concludes by reflecting on the future of UK financial regulation after Brexit. The book argues that UK regulators pursued more stringent regulation when they had strong political support to resist financial industry lobbying. UK regulators promoted international harmonisation of rules when this protected the competitiveness of industry or enabled cross-border externalities to be managed more effectively; but were often more resistant to new EU rules when these threatened UK interests. Consequently, the UK was more successful at shaping international standards by leveraging its market power, regulatory capacity, and alliance building (with the US). But it often met with greater political resistance at the EU level, forcing it to use legal challenges to block reform or secure exemptions. The book concludes that political and regulatory pressure was pivotal in defining the UK's 'hard' Brexit position, and so the future UK-EU relationship in finance will most likely be based on a framework of regulatory equivalence.




Governing with Judges


Book Description

This text elaborates a theory of constitutional politics. It examines the pan-European movement to confer constitutional review authority on a new governmental institution. Cases show how and to what extent legislative processes have been under the influence of consititutional judges.




Adapting Tests in Linguistic and Cultural Situations


Book Description

This book provides a practical but scientifically grounded step-by-step approach to the adaptation of tests in linguistic and cultural contexts.




The Law and Politics of Brexit


Book Description

This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the new framework of relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) applicable since 1st January 2021, following the end of the Brexit transition period and the entry into force of the EU-UK Trade & Cooperation Agreement (TCA), concluded on Christmas Eve 2020. The book contextualizes the new framework of EU-UK relations, including the ongoing challenges of implementing the Withdrawal Agreement (WA), and sheds light on the new mechanisms for EU-UK cooperation both in the economic domain including free movement of goods, financial services, and mobility of persons, and in the security domain including law enforcement, defence, and data protection. The work underlines the profound differences between the new status quo compared to the legal framework applicable when the UK was still an EU member state including end of free movement of persons, financial passporting, and cooperation in foreign affairs and defence, and reflects on what the latest stage in the Brexit process means for governance, sovereignty, and the future of European integration.




The Law & Politics of Brexit: Volume III


Book Description

This book offers a comprehensive analysis of the new framework of relationship between the United Kingdom (UK) and the European Union (EU) applicable since 1st January 2021, following the end of the Brexit transition period and the entry into force of the EU-UK Trade & Cooperation Agreement (TCA), concluded on Christmas Eve 2020. The book contextualizes the new framework of EU-UK relations, including the ongoing challenges of implementing the Withdrawal Agreement (WA), and sheds light on the new mechanisms for EU-UK cooperation both in the economic domain including free movement of goods, financial services, and mobility of persons, and in the security domain including law enforcement, defence, and data protection. The work underlines the profound differences between the new status quo compared to the legal framework applicable when the UK was still an EU member state including end of free movement of persons, financial passporting, and cooperation in foreign affairs and defence, and reflects on what the latest stage in the Brexit process means for governance, sovereignty, and the future of European integration.




The Role of the EU in Transnational Legal Ordering


Book Description

This book explores questions of transnational private legal theory in the context of the external dimension of EU private law. The interaction between existing theories of transnational ordering and the external reach of European Regulatory Private Law is articulated through examination of what are found to be the three major proxies of transnational private ordering: private contracts, standards and codes.