Estimation des projets de l'entreprise numérique  : Approche systémique, coûts, qualité et délais


Book Description

Les projets informatiques sont désormais développés dans le cadre d’un système existant. Ils doivent, in fine, s’intégrer en interaction avec d’autres projets, sur les infrastructures communes de l’entreprise et sans interrompre le service : c’est la notion d’usine logicielle. Estimation des projets de l’entreprise numérique s’intéresse particulièrement à l’analyse des coûts d’intégration. Un modèle original d’estimation de ces coûts est proposé assurant l’équilibrage des quatre grandeurs fondamentales : coût, qualité, fonctionnalité et délai. Cet ouvrage bénéficie des travaux effectués par le groupe de travail Intégration & Complexité de l’association CESAMES, en relation avec la chaire X-ParisTech, ce qui a permis de valider le modèle avec les industriels participants. Il présente en détail le modèle COCOMO et dresse les grandes lignes de la méthode de comptage par points de fonctions. Une étude de cas basée sur les systèmes C4ISTAR illustre l’utilisation de ces méthodes dans un contexte de systèmes réels de grande complexité.




Estimation des projets de l'entreprise numérique


Book Description

Les projets informatiques sont désormais développés dans le cadre d'un système existant. Ils doivent, in fine, s'intégrer en interaction avec d'autres projets, sur les infrastructures communes de l'entreprise et sans interrompre le service : c'est la notion d'usine logicielle. "Estimation des projets de l'entreprise numérique" s'intéresse particulièrement à l'analyse des coûts d'intégration. Un modèle original d'estimation de ces coûts est proposé assurant l'équilibrage des quatre grandeurs fondamentales : coût, qualité, fonctionnalité et délai. Cet ouvrage bénéficie des travaux effectués par le groupe de travail Intégration & Complexité de l'association CESAMES, en relation avec la chaire X-ParisTech, ce qui a permis de valider le modèle avec les industriels participants. Il présente en détail le modèle COCOMO et dresse les grandes lignes de la méthode de comptage par points de fonctions. Une étude basée sur les systèmes C41STAR illustre l'utilisation de ces méthodes dans un contexte de systèmes réels de grande complexité [4e de couv.]




Handbook for Integrating Risk Analysis in the Economic Analysis of Projects


Book Description

Aiming to support the development of a framework for the analysis of risk in project design and economic analysis, this handbook outlines technical approaches to modeling risk. Also summarized is the nature and practice of sensitivity analysis in dealing with uncertain outcomes as well as the principles to consider in typical risk analysis situations sector by sector. Case studies are included to demonstrate the application of quantitative risk analysis using actual Asian Development Bank projects to help improve project design and quality. Handbook users will learn to identify factors that are the key determinants of project outcomes, determine the likelihood of an individual project's returns being unacceptable, and design measures to mitigate the risks arising from the identified key factors.




Design Theory


Book Description

This textbook presents the core of recent advances in design theory and its implications for design methods and design organization. Providing a unified perspective on different design methods and approaches, from the most classic (systematic design) to the most advanced (C-K theory), it offers a unique and integrated presentation of traditional and contemporary theories in the field. Examining the principles of each theory, this guide utilizes numerous real life industrial applications, with clear links to engineering design, industrial design, management, economics, psychology and creativity. Containing a section of exams with detailed answers, it is useful for courses in design theory, engineering design and advanced innovation management. "Students and professors, practitioners and researchers in diverse disciplines, interested in design, will find in this book a rich and vital source for studying fundamental design methods and tools as well as the most advanced design theories that work in practice". Professor Yoram Reich, Tel Aviv University, Editor-in-Chief, Research In Engineering Design. "Twenty years of research in design theory and engineering have shown that training in creative design is indeed possible and offers remarkably operational methods - this book is indispensable for all leaders and practitioners who wish to strengthen theinnovation capacity of their company." Pascal Daloz, Executive Vice President, Dassault Systèmes




Culture | 2030 indicators


Book Description




The Institutional Logics Perspective


Book Description

How do institutions influence and shape cognition and action in individuals and organizations, and how are they in turn shaped by them? Various social science disciplines have offered a range of theories and perspectives to provide answers to this question. Within organization studies in recent years, several scholars have developed the institutional logics perspective. An institutional logic is the set of material practices and symbolic systems including assumptions, values, and beliefs by which individuals and organizations provide meaning to their daily activity, organize time and space, and reproduce their lives and experiences. This approach affords significant insights, methodologies, and research tools, to analyze the multiple combinations of factors that may determine cognition, behaviour, and rationalities. In tracing the development of the institutional logics perspective from earlier institutional theory, the book analyzes seminal research, illustrating how and why influential works on institutional theory motivated a distinct new approach to scholarship on institutional logics. The book shows how the institutional logics perspective transforms institutional theory. It presents novel theory, further elaborates the institutional logics perspective, and forges new linkages to key literatures on practice, identity, and social and cognitive psychology. It develops the microfoundations of institutional logics and institutional entrepreneurship, proposing a set of mechanisms that go beyond meta-theory, integrating this work with macro theory on institutional logics into a cross-levels model of cultural heterogeneity. By incorporating current psychological understanding of human behaviour and linking it to sociological perspectives, it aims to provide an encompassing framework for institutional analysis, and to be an essential and accessible reference for scholars and advanced students of organizational behaviour, organization and management theory, business strategy, and cultural sociology.




Cybersemiotics


Book Description

Cybersemiotics not only builds a bridge between science and culture, it provides a framework that encompasses them both.




Coding Freedom


Book Description

Who are computer hackers? What is free software? And what does the emergence of a community dedicated to the production of free and open source software--and to hacking as a technical, aesthetic, and moral project--reveal about the values of contemporary liberalism? Exploring the rise and political significance of the free and open source software (F/OSS) movement in the United States and Europe, Coding Freedom details the ethics behind hackers' devotion to F/OSS, the social codes that guide its production, and the political struggles through which hackers question the scope and direction of copyright and patent law. In telling the story of the F/OSS movement, the book unfolds a broader narrative involving computing, the politics of access, and intellectual property. E. Gabriella Coleman tracks the ways in which hackers collaborate and examines passionate manifestos, hacker humor, free software project governance, and festive hacker conferences. Looking at the ways that hackers sustain their productive freedom, Coleman shows that these activists, driven by a commitment to their work, reformulate key ideals including free speech, transparency, and meritocracy, and refuse restrictive intellectual protections. Coleman demonstrates how hacking, so often marginalized or misunderstood, sheds light on the continuing relevance of liberalism in online collaboration.




The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States


Book Description

The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States marked the beginning of the study of our postindustrial information society. Austrian-born economist Fritz Machlup had focused his research on the patent system, but he came to realize that patents were simply one part of a much bigger "knowledge economy." He then expanded the scope of his work to evaluate everything from stationery and typewriters to advertising to presidential addresses--anything that involved the activity of telling anyone anything. The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States then revealed the new and startling shape of the U.S. economy. Machlup's cool appraisal of the data showed that the knowledge industry accounted for nearly 29 percent of the U.S. gross national product, and that 43 percent of the civilian labor force consisted of knowledge transmitters or full-time knowledge receivers. Indeed, the proportion of the labor force involved in the knowledge economy increased from 11 to 32 percent between 1900 and 1959--a monumental shift. Beyond documenting this revolution, Machlup founded the wholly new field of information economics. The transformation to a knowledge economy has resonated throughout the rest of the century, especially with the rise of the Internet. As two recent observers noted, "Information goods--from movies and music to software code and stock quotes--have supplanted industrial goods as the key drivers of world markets." Continued study of this change and its effects is testament to Fritz Machlup's pioneering work.




Terra 2008


Book Description

Earthen architecture constitutes one of the most diverse forms of cultural heritage and one of the most challenging to preserve. It dates from all periods and is found on all continents but is particularly prevalent in Africa, where it has been a building tradition for centuries. Sites range from ancestral cities in Mali to the palaces of Abomey in Benin, from monuments and mosques in Iran and Buddhist temples on the Silk Road to Spanish missions in California. This volume's sixty-four papers address such themes as earthen architecture in Mali, the conservation of living sites, local knowledge systems and intangible aspects, seismic and other natural forces, the conservation and management of archaeological sites, research advances, and training.