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Ethical Evaluation of Manipulated Photos in News

Author : Luise Knah

Publisher : GRIN Verlag

Page : 8 pages

File Size : 45,37 MB

Release : 2011-09-27

Category : Law

ISBN : 3656015244

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Book Description

Essay from the year 2011 in the subject Law - Media, Multimedia Law, Copyright, grade: 1,2, University of New South Wales, Sydney, language: English, abstract: Historically, photographs are considered to deliver an accurate description of a shown event as a ‘snapshot of time’. 1 With digital technology and image alteration programs like Photoshop, this natural assumption has changed. Nowadays, every amateur is able to manipulate pictures and a lot of publications use the technology to enhance their photos. The question if photo manipulation is ethical in general is very broad and depends on the situation. The ethical evaluation in this essay focuses on the problematic application in news rooms. Even the slightest alterations can be considered as a violation of the truthful reportage of an event that has taken place. News organisations act by self-regulating policies and are not restricted by law regarding photo manipulation, including those in Australia. The industry standard is to allow the enhancement of photographs for clarity and definition, but altering the composition is to be frowned upon.2 Journalists have to be cautious about their actions, because faked pictures jeopardize their own reputation as well as the credibility of the publication. Cropping out irrelevant details is a legitimate and well-known practise not only in news, but also in fashion, advertisement or even personal photography. The challenge is to evaluate the shift in the perception of the viewer.



Photo Fakery

Author : Dino A. Brugioni

Publisher : Potomac Books

Page : 248 pages

File Size : 25,26 MB

Release : 1999

Category : Photography

ISBN :

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Book Description

The history and techniques of photographic deception and manipulation



Journalism and Ethics: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice

Author : Management Association, Information Resources

Publisher : IGI Global

Page : 938 pages

File Size : 18,98 MB

Release : 2019-05-03

Category : Language Arts & Disciplines

ISBN : 1522583602

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Book Description

In the modern hyperconnected society, consumers are able to access news from a variety of channels, including social media, television, mobile devices, the internet, and more. From sensationalist headlines designed to attract click-throughs to accusations of bias assigned to specific news sources, it is more important now than ever that the media industry maintains best practices and adheres to ethical reporting. By properly informing citizens of critical national concerns, the media can help to transform society and promote active participation. Journalism and Ethics: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice examines the impacts of journalism on society and the media’s responsibility to accurately inform citizens of government and non-government activities in an ethical manner. It also provides emerging research on multimedia journalism across various platforms and formats using digital technologies. Highlighting a range of pertinent topics such as investigative journalism, freedom of expression, and media regulation, this publication is an ideal reference source for media professionals, public relations officers, reporters, news writers, scholars, academicians, researchers, and upper-level students interested in journalism and journalistic ethics.



Digital Media Ethics

Author : Charles Ess

Publisher : John Wiley & Sons

Page : 405 pages

File Size : 42,6 MB

Release : 2013-12-17

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 0745672418

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Book Description

The original edition of this accessible and interdisciplinary textbook was the first to consider the ethical issues of digital media from a global perspective, introducing ethical theories from multiple cultures. This second edition has been thoroughly updated to cover current research and scholarship, and recent developments and technological changes. It also benefits from extensively updated case-studies and pedagogical material, including examples of “watershed” events such as privacy policy developments on Facebook and Google+ in relation to ongoing changes in privacy law in the US, the EU, and Asia. New for the second edition is a section on “citizen journalism” and its implications for traditional journalistic ethics. With a significantly updated section on the “ethical toolkit,” this book also introduces students to prevailing ethical theories and illustrates how they are applied to central issues such as privacy, copyright, pornography and violence, and the ethics of cross-cultural communication online. Digital Media Ethics is student- and classroom-friendly: each topic and theory is interwoven throughout the volume with detailed sets of questions, additional resources, and suggestions for further research and writing. Together, these enable readers to foster careful reflection upon, writing about, and discussion of these issues and their possible resolutions.



The Psychology of Fake News

Author : Rainer Greifeneder

Publisher : Routledge

Page : 222 pages

File Size : 23,65 MB

Release : 2020-08-13

Category : Language Arts & Disciplines

ISBN : 1000179052

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Book Description

This volume examines the phenomenon of fake news by bringing together leading experts from different fields within psychology and related areas, and explores what has become a prominent feature of public discourse since the first Brexit referendum and the 2016 US election campaign. Dealing with misinformation is important in many areas of daily life, including politics, the marketplace, health communication, journalism, education, and science. In a general climate where facts and misinformation blur, and are intentionally blurred, this book asks what determines whether people accept and share (mis)information, and what can be done to counter misinformation? All three of these aspects need to be understood in the context of online social networks, which have fundamentally changed the way information is produced, consumed, and transmitted. The contributions within this volume summarize the most up-to-date empirical findings, theories, and applications and discuss cutting-edge ideas and future directions of interventions to counter fake news. Also providing guidance on how to handle misinformation in an age of “alternative facts”, this is a fascinating and vital reading for students and academics in psychology, communication, and political science and for professionals including policy makers and journalists.



Phototruth Or Photofiction?

Author : Thomas H. Wheeler

Publisher : Routledge

Page : 270 pages

File Size : 28,53 MB

Release : 2005-05-18

Category : Language Arts & Disciplines

ISBN : 1135633304

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Book Description

This text examines the use of images in journalistic contexts and the manipulation of these images to accomplish varying objectives. It provides a framework for critical discussion among professionals, educators, students, and concerned consumers of newspapers, magazines, online journals, and other nonfiction media. It also offers a method of assessing the ethics of mass-media photos, which will help visual journalists to embrace new technologies while preserving their credibility. Phototruth or Photofiction? also: *recounts the invention of photography and how it came to be accorded an extraordinary degree of trust; *details how photos were staged, painted, composited and otherwise faked, long before digital technology; *lists contemporary image-altering products and practices; *details many examples of manipulated images in nonfiction media and lists rationales offered in defense of them; *explains how current ethical principles have been derived; *lays groundwork for an ethical protocol by explaining conventions of taking, processing, and publishing journalistic photos; and *offers tests for assessing the appropriateness of altered images in non-fiction media. Each chapter is followed by "Explorations" designed to facilitate classroom discussion and to integrate into those interactions the students' own perceptions and experiences. The book is intended for students and others interested in the manipulation of images.



Visual Ethics

Author : Paul Martin Lester

Publisher : Taylor & Francis

Page : 247 pages

File Size : 44,14 MB

Release : 2022-03-31

Category : Language Arts & Disciplines

ISBN : 1000569004

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Book Description

An indispensable guide to visual ethics, this book addresses the need for critical thinking and ethical behavior among students and professionals responsible for a variety of mass media visual messages. Written for an ever-growing discipline, authors Paul Martin Lester, Stephanie A. Martin, and Martin Rodden-Smith give serious ethical consideration to the complex field of visual communication. The book covers the definitions and uses of six philosophies, analytical methods, cultural awareness, visual reporting, documentary, citizen journalists, advertising, public relations, typography, graphic design, data visualizations, cartoons, motion pictures, television, computers and the web, augmented and virtual reality, social media, the editing process, and the need for empathy. At the end of each chapter are case studies for further analysis and interviews with thoughtful practitioners in each field of study, including Steven Heller and Nigel Holmes. This second edition has also been fully revised and updated throughout to reflect on the impact of new and emerging technologies. This book is an important resource for students of photojournalism, photography, filmmaking, media and communication, and visual communication, as well as professionals working in these fields.



Faking it

Author : Mia Fineman

Publisher : Metropolitan Museum of Art

Page : 298 pages

File Size : 35,85 MB

Release : 2012

Category : Exhibitions

ISBN : 1588394735

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Book Description

"It is a long-held truism that 'the camera does not lie'. Yet, as Mia Fineman argues in this illuminating volume, that statement contains its own share of untruth. While modern technological innovations, such as Adobe's Photoshop software, have accustomed viewers to more obvious levels of image manipulation, the practice of "doctoring" photographs has in fact existed since the medium was invented. In "Faking It", Fineman demonstrates that today's digitally manipulated images are part of a continuum that begins with the earliest years of photography, encompassing methods as diverse as overpainting, multiple exposure, negative retouching, combination printing, and photomontage. Among the book's revelations are previously unknown and never before published images that document the acts of manipulation behind two canonical works of modern photography: one blatantly fantastical (Yves Klein's "Leap into the Void" of 1960); the other a purportedly unadulterated record of a real place in time (Paul Strand's "City Hall Park" of 1915). Featuring 160 captivating pictures created between the 1840s and 1990s in the service of art, politics, news, entertainment, and commerce, "Faking It" provides an essential counterhistory of photography as an inspired blend of fabricated truths and artful falsehoods."--Publisher's website.



Coatings on Photographs

Author : Constance McCabe

Publisher : American Institute for Conservation of Historic & Artistic W

Page : 392 pages

File Size : 38,36 MB

Release : 2005

Category : Photography

ISBN :

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Media Ethics at Work: True Stories from Young Professionals

Author : Lee Anne Peck

Publisher : CQ Press

Page : 345 pages

File Size : 12,34 MB

Release : 2013

Category : Business & Economics

ISBN : 1452227845

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Book Description

@ Tool for Thought-how a theory or professional ethics code clarifies the case's central ethical issue. @ Tool for Action-practical how-to tips. @ Thinking it Through-discussion questions. @ What If?-an alternative scenario for students to think through. @ Go Online for More-web resources for further information.