EU Ordre Public


Book Description

In a cogent, detailed analysis, the author ‘reconstructs’ the legal order of the European Union in a way that best gives meaning to the Treaties, the case law of the Court of Justice, and the various underlying principles of integration that have emerged over the decades. He focuses on instances, or touchstones, in relation to which EU law seems to be building and integrating an ordre public. Among these are the following: international trade law and arbitration; public international law; the ECHR and EctHR; public policy exceptions to the four freedoms; European citizenship; competition law; national and EU procedural law; and protection of social and labour standards. In-depth inquiry into questions which seem subject to very specific limitations – such as when national or EU courts are under an obligation to raise issues of EU law of their own motion, or norms from which private parties may not deviate – captures the breadth of the EU ordre public, greatly clarifying the concept and the variety of ways it operates. Seeking to reconcile numerous strands and processes of EU law in a principled manner, the book reveals a significant potential for a deeper constitutional framework defining the EU ordre public and putting it into operation as a tool to help ensure unity in diversity. It will be welcomed and read closely by jurists, policymakers, and interested academics in Europe and wherever the matter of European integration is studied.




The Public Order Exception in International Trade, Investment, Human Rights and Commercial Disputes


Book Description

In the process of resolving disputes, it is not uncommon for parties to justify actions otherwise in breach of their obligations by invoking the need to protect some aspect of the elusive concept of public order. Until this thoroughly researched book, the criteria and factors against which international dispute bodies assess such claims have remained unclear. Now, by providing an in-depth comparative analysis of relevant jurisprudence under four distinct international dispute resolution systems – trade, investment, human rights and international commercial arbitration – the author of this invaluable book identifies common core benchmarks for the application of the public order exception. To achieve the broadest possible scope for her analysis, the author examines the public order exception’s function, role and application within the following international dispute resolution systems: relevant World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements as enforced by the organization’s Dispute Settlement Body and Appellate Body; international investment agreements as enforced by competent Arbitral Tribunals and Annulment Committees under the International Center for Settlement of Investment Disputes; provisions under the Inter-American Convention of Human Rights and the European Convention of Human Rights as enforced by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the European Court of Human Rights, respectively; and the New York Convention as enforced by national tribunals across the world. Controversies, tensions and pitfalls inherent in invoking the public order exception are elucidated, along with clear guidelines on how arguments may be crafted in order to enhance prospects of success. Throughout, tables and graphs systematize key aspects of the relevant jurisprudence under each of the dispute resolution systems analysed. As an immediate practical resource for lawyers on any side of a dispute who wish to invoke or strengthen a public order exception claim, the book’s systematic analysis will be welcomed by lawyers active in WTO disputes, international investment arbitration, human rights law or enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Academics and policymakers will find a signal contribution to the ongoing debate on the existence, legal basis, content and functions of the transnational public order.




Exclusions from Patentability


Book Description

This book provides the first comprehensive study of what cannot be patented and what should not be patentable in Europe.




Fairness, Morality and Ordre Public in Intellectual Property


Book Description

This incisive book explores the ways in which the major notions of fairness, morality and ordre public can be used both to justify and to limit intellectual property rights. Written by an international team of experts in the field, it provides varied and sometimes divergent perspectives on how these notions are applied to different rights and in different contexts.




Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law


Book Description

In this volume, the Study Group and the Acquis Group present the first academic Draft of a Common Frame of Reference (DCFR). The Draft is based in part on a revised version of the Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) and contains Principles, Definitions and Model Rules of European Private Law in an interim outline edition. It covers the books on contracts and other juridical acts, obligations and corresponding rights, certain specific contracts, and non-contractual obligations. One purpose of the text is to provide material for a possible "political" Common Frame of Reference (CFR) which was called for by the European Commission's Action Plan on a More Coherent European Contract Law of January 2003.




Czech Yearbook of International Law - Public Policy and Ordre Public - 2012


Book Description

We are proud to present to our readers Czech Yearbook of International Law 2012, Volume 3. The overarching topic of this volume, Public Policy and Ordre Public turns its focus to the doctrine which is inherently connected with private international law, which is true only at first glance. The problem of Public Policy and Ordre Public is intertwined more deeply in the national legal orders than virtually any legal branch. However, the platform of private international law through which these doctrines emerge and find its strongest application is in the cross-border traffic of the court and extra-court decisions. In these relationships, the most important differences in understanding the extent and nature of these terms take shape. The third volume of the Czech Yearbook of International Law focuses on the uncovering of national differences and the comparison of such doctrines in a global perspective. CYIL 2012 takes into account the completely different connotations given to both doctrines in the United States and the Common Law countries in continental Europe. Institutions participating in the CYIL Project: Academic institutions within Czech Republic: - Masaryk University (Brno), Faculty of Law, Department of International and European Law. - University of West Bohemia in Pilsen, Faculty of Law, Department of Constitutional Law & Department of International Law. - VŠB-TU Ostrava, Faculty of Economics, Department of Law. - Department of European Law, Department of Commercial Law & Centre for Comparative Law of the Faculty of Law, Charles University. - University College of International and Public Relations Prague. - Institute of State and Law of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i. Non-academic institutions in the Czech Republic - Office of the Government of the Czech Republic, Department of Legislation, Prague. - Arbitration Court attached to the Economic Chamber of the Czech Republic and Agricultural Chamber of the Czech Republic, Prague. - ICC National Committee Czech Republic, Commission on Arbitration, Prague. Institutions outside Czech Republic participating in the CYIL Project: Austria University of Vienna, Department of European, International and Comparative Law, Section for International Law and International Relations. Poland Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Faculty of Law and Administration, Department of Private International Law. Slovak Republic Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of State and Law, Bratislava. University of Matej Bel in Banská Bystrica, Faculty of Political Sciences and International Relations, Department of International Affairs and Diplomacy. Trnava University in Trnava, Faculty of Law, Department of Labour Law and Social Security Law.




The Global Governance of Knowledge


Book Description

Patent offices around the world have granted millions of patents to multinational companies. Patent offices are rarely studied and yet they are crucial agents in the global knowledge economy. Based on a study of forty-five rich and poor countries that takes in the world's largest and smallest offices, Peter Drahos argues that patent offices have become part of a globally integrated private governance network, which serves the interests of multinational companies, and that the Trilateral Offices of Europe, the USA and Japan make developing country patent offices part of the network through the strategic fostering of technocratic trust. By analysing the obligations of patent offices under the patent social contract and drawing on a theory of nodal governance, the author proposes innovative approaches to patent office administration that would allow developed and developing countries to recapture the public spirit of the patent social contract.




The European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration


Book Description

Originally drafted during the Cold War era to facilitate trade between Western and Eastern European countries, the European Convention on International Commercial Arbitration (ECICA) has come to the fore in recent years as commercial relationships proliferate between Western Europe and such resource-rich countries as Russia, Ukraine, and Kazakhstan. This commentary is the first comprehensive overview in English of the Convention's provisions, annexes, subsequent agreements, and relevant case law and scholarship. Following three introductory chapters—on subjective arbitrability, applicable law, and ordre public in enforcement procedures—the book provides detailed commentary and analysis of each of the Convention's articles in turn. Detailed answers will be found to such questions as the following: • Which law is applicable to the substance of a dispute within the Convention's scope of application? • Can a defective arbitration clause be “saved” and, if so, how? • In which circumstances can awards be enforced which have been set aside in the state of origin? • In which circumstances may courts decide in a matter governed by an arbitration agreement? In contrast to the other major international commercial arbitration body of rules—the New York Convention—the ECICA goes beyond enforcement and recognition of awards and codifies standards of conduct and procedure. These innovative provisions are discussed in depth. Arbitration disputes are increasing across the vast geographical region in which the ECICA is applicable, and practitioners acting in such disputes will welcome this thorough commentary on the functionality, advantages, and disadvantages of each of the Convention's provisions. They will approach national courts and arbitral tribunals with full knowledge of the rules of procedure and benefit from analysis of court decisions. Global firms, particularly in the oil and gas industry, will also appreciate the book's masterful explication of this powerful instrument in international commercial arbitration.




The EU Succession Regulation


Book Description

The European Succession Regulation is a landmark in the field of EU private international law. It unifies the conflicts of laws, jurisdiction and recognition of foreign judgments and some other legal instruments in the field of succession and wills. This volume provides an article-by-article commentary on the individual provisions of the Regulation, introduced by an overview of its general framework and underlying principles. As a reference tool for the Regulation, this book is intended to promote a high standard of interpretation and application. With contributions from leading scholars in the field, it uses a comparative approach in its analysis to enrich the academic debate and highlight the problems likely to arise in the practical application of the Regulation.




The Nature of Mutual Recognition in European Law


Book Description

There is substantial disagreement in academic literature over how to address the tensions between the application of mutual recognition and the safeguarding of individual rights, particularly in the EU's criminal justice arena. This book investigates those tensions by re-examining the nature of mutual recognition in European law from an individual rights perspective. A key question is the role played by mutual recognition in the process of reconciling free movement and other interests. The book contains a comparative analysis of mutual recognition in the internal market and the 'area of freedom, security, and justice.' It assesses mutual recognition in the context of the aims of both areas, as well as the principles of European law and norms laid down in primary/secondary EU law. The analysis follows mutual recognition in the fields of product requirements, professional qualifications, and judicial decisions in criminal matters. The book concludes that the core function of mutual recognition has been obscured by assertions made by EU policy makers regarding its consequences, which fail to distinguish between policy objectives, integration methods, and legal obligations. This has also led to a debate among academics and an interpretation of mutual recognition by the Court of Justice which presents an unnecessary conflict between the application of mutual recognition and the safeguarding of individual rights. It is argued that, for mutual recognition to have a stable future in the EU criminal justice area, clarity regarding its aims is urgently required and individual rights need to be enhanced, both in judicial cooperation measures and through harmonization of suspects' rights in criminal proceedings. (Series: Ius Commune Europaeum - Vol. 138) [Subject: European Law, Human Rights Law, Criminal Justice]