Euclid's Heritage. Is Space Three-Dimensional?


Book Description

We live in a space, we get about in it. We also quantify it, we think of it as having dimensions. Ever since Euclid's ancient geometry, we have thought of bodies occupying parts of this space (including our own bodies), the space of our practical orientations (our 'moving abouts'), as having three dimensions. Bodies have volume specified by measures of length, breadth and height. But how do we know that the space we live in has just these three dimensions? It is theoreti cally possible that some spaces might exist that are not correctly described by Euclidean geometry. After all, there are the non Euclidian geometries, descriptions of spaces not conforming to the axioms and theorems of Euclid's geometry. As one might expect, there is a history of philosophers' attempts to 'prove' that space is three-dimensional. The present volume surveys these attempts from Aristotle, through Leibniz and Kant, to more recent philosophy. As you will learn, the historical theories are rife with terminology, with language, already tainted by the as sumed, but by no means obvious, clarity of terms like 'dimension', 'line', 'point' and others. Prior to that language there are actions, ways of getting around in the world, building things, being interested in things, in the more specific case of dimensionality, cutting things. It is to these actions that we must eventually appeal if we are to understand how science is grounded.







Foundations of Three-Dimensional Euclidean Geometry


Book Description

This book presents to the reader a modern axiomatic construction of three-dimensional Euclidean geometry in a rigorous and accessible form. It is helpful for high school teachers who are interested in the modernization of the teaching of geometry.







International Tables for Crystallography, Mathematical, Physical and Chemical Tables


Book Description

International Tables for Crystallography is the definitive resource and reference work for crystallography and structural science. Each of the volumes in the series contains articles and tables of data relevant to crystallographic research and to applications of crystallographic methods in all sciences concerned with the structure and properties of materials. Emphasis is given to symmetry, diffraction methods and techniques of crystal-structure determination, and the physical and chemical properties of crystals. The data are accompanied by discussions of theory, practical explanations and examples, all of which are useful for teaching. Volume C provides the mathematical, physical and chemical information needed for experimental studies in structural crystallography. This volume covers all aspects of experimental techniques, using all three principal radiation types (X-ray, electron and neutron), from the selection and mounting of crystals and production of radiation, through data collection and analysis, to interpretation of results. Each chapter is supported by a substantial collection of references, and the volume ends with a section on precautions against radiation injury. Eleven chapters have been revised, corrected or updated for the third edition of Volume C. More information on the series can be found at: http://it.iucr.org




The Elements of Non-Euclidean Geometry


Book Description




Progress in Physics, vol. 1/2011


Book Description

The Journal on Advanced Studies in Theoretical and Experimental Physics, including Related Themes from Mathematics




Spaces of Constant Curvature


Book Description

This book is the sixth edition of the classic Spaces of Constant Curvature, first published in 1967, with the previous (fifth) edition published in 1984. It illustrates the high degree of interplay between group theory and geometry. The reader will benefit from the very concise treatments of riemannian and pseudo-riemannian manifolds and their curvatures, of the representation theory of finite groups, and of indications of recent progress in discrete subgroups of Lie groups. Part I is a brief introduction to differentiable manifolds, covering spaces, and riemannian and pseudo-riemannian geometry. It also contains a certain amount of introductory material on symmetry groups and space forms, indicating the direction of the later chapters. Part II is an updated treatment of euclidean space form. Part III is Wolf's classic solution to the Clifford-Klein Spherical Space Form Problem. It starts with an exposition of the representation theory of finite groups. Part IV introduces riemannian symmetric spaces and extends considerations of spherical space forms to space forms of riemannian symmetric spaces. Finally, Part V examines space form problems on pseudo-riemannian symmetric spaces. At the end of Chapter 12 there is a new appendix describing some of the recent work on discrete subgroups of Lie groups with application to space forms of pseudo-riemannian symmetric spaces. Additional references have been added to this sixth edition as well.







Annals of Mathematics


Book Description