Compensating for Wetland Losses Under the Clean Water Act


Book Description

Recognizing the importance of wetland protection, the Bush administration in 1988 endorsed the goal of "no net loss" of wetlands. Specifically, it directed that filling of wetlands should be avoided, and minimized when it cannot be avoided. When filling is permitted, compensatory mitigation must be undertaken; that is, wetlands must be restored, created, enhanced, and, in exceptional cases, preserved, to replace the permitted loss of wetland area and function, such as water quality improvement within the watershed. After more than a dozen years, the national commitment to "no net loss" of wetlands has been evaluated. This new book explores the adequacy of science and technology for replacing wetland function and the effectiveness of the federal program of compensatory mitigation in accomplishing the nation's goal of clean water. It examines the regulatory framework for permitting wetland filling and requiring mitigation, compares the mitigation institutions that are in use, and addresses the problems that agencies face in ensuring sustainability of mitigated wetlands over the long term. Gleaning lessons from the mixed results of mitigation efforts to date, the book offers 10 practical guidelines for establishing and monitoring mitigated wetlands. It also recommends that federal, state, and local agencies undertake specific institutional reforms. This book will be important to anyone seeking a comprehensive understanding of the "no net loss" issue: policy makers, regulators, environmental scientists, educators, and wetland advocates.




Wetlands


Book Description

"Wetlands" has become a hot word in the current environmental debate. But what does it signify? In 1991, proposed changes in the legal definities of wetlands stirred controversy and focused attention on the scientific and economic aspects of their management. This volume explores how to define wetlands. The committee--whose members were drawn from academia, government, business, and the environmental community--builds a rational, scientific basis for delineating wetlands in the landscape and offers recommendations for further action. Wetlands also discusses the diverse hydrological and ecological functions of wetlands, and makes recommendations concerning so-called controversial areas such as permafrost wetlands, riparian ecosystems, irregularly flooded sites, and agricultural wetlands. It presents criteria for identifying wetlands and explores the problems of applying those criteria when there are seasonal changes in water levels. This comprehensive and practical volume will be of interest to environmental scientists and advocates, hydrologists, policymakers, regulators, faculty, researchers, and students of environmental studies.




Protection of Wetlands


Book Description










Handbook of Research on Monitoring and Evaluating the Ecological Health of Wetlands


Book Description

"This book highlights the challenges of wetland conservation and the current scenario of existing wetlands including inland wetland and discusses Inventory, assessment and monitoring are as vital components of effective wetland management"--




Functional Assessment of Wetlands


Book Description

Wetlands perform functions that deliver benefits to society, often referred to as ecosystem services. These ecosystem services include water supply, flood regulation, water purification, climate regulation, biodiversity, agriculture (e.g. grazing land), and amenity. A functional approach to wetland assessment enables a holistic view to be taken of the wide range of services wetlands can provide. The functional assessment procedures (FAPs) in this volume translate best available scientific knowledge into reasonable predictions of how component parts of wetlands function in different landscape contexts. They can be used to indicate the potential and priorities for management options in such areas as flood control, pollution reduction and biodiversity conservation.Functional assessment enables the user to predict the functioning of a wetland area without the need for comprehensive and expensive empirical research The FAPs therefore provide a methodology that can be used by both experts and non-experts to assess wetland functioning relatively rapidly. The volume includes an electronic version of the FAPs on CD which automates aspects of the assessment once the initial recording stage is completed. It is anticipated that the FAPs will be used by a range of individuals or organisations concerned with wetland management who wish to gain a better understanding of the processes, functions, services or benefits and potential of the wetlands for which they have responsibility. - Provides a systematic methodology to evaluate how wetlands function - Allows non-experts to assess wetland functioning rapidly and cost-effectively - Automates aspects of the functional assessment through the accompanying CD-ROM







Wetland Mitigation


Book Description

Regulations require that development projects in wetland areas restoreor replace lost wetland functions and values. But you can avoid or minimizeexpenses and repeated delays - this new book provides the most comprehensive, in-depth treatment of wetland mitigation options available! Written in plain English, not legalese, this practical reference provides explanations ofthe relevant regulations, and guidance on mitigation requirements and thepermitting process. You'll learn everything you need to know about evaluating, selecting, negotiating and implementing the various mitigation measuresavailable to avoid, minimize, or compensate for land use development impacts to wetlands. The book also includes helpful tables and checklists, numerous"real life" mitigation case studies, and several useful appendices. Chapters include: Wetland Functions and Values; Wetland Identification; Wetlands Regulations; Wetland Permitting; Wetland Mitigation Compliance; Wetland Mitigation Options; Wetland Mitigation Banking; Wetland MitigationBanking Guidance; Wetland Mitigation Case Studies. Appendices include: U.S. EPA, Army Corps of Engineers, and State WetlandOffices; Clinton Administration's Wetlands Plan; Funding and Technical Assistancefor Wetland Acquisition and Restoration; and more.