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Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 256 pages

File Size : 28,82 MB

Release : 2015-09-08

Category : Medical

ISBN : 030937698X

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Book Description

Recent scientific evidence points to the origins of childhood obesity as an outcome of the dynamic interplay of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors throughout early development, with a compelling body of evidence suggesting that both maternal and paternal nutritional and other exposures affect a child's risk of later obesity. The burgeoning field of epigenetics has led researchers to speculate that many of the observed associations between early developmental exposures and later risk of childhood obesity are mediated, at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms. To explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, environment, and developmental stage on risk of childhood obesity, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council convened a workshop in February 2015. The workshop focused on the prenatal period, infancy, and early childhood and addressed evidence from both animal and human studies. Workshop objectives were to (1) identify epigenetic-mediated relationships between exposure to risk factors during sensitive periods of development (gestation through age 3) and subsequent obesity-related outcomes; (2) explore the science around periods of plasticity and potential reversibility of obesity risk in the context of early childhood development; and (3) examine the translation of epigenetic science to guide early childhood obesity prevention and intervention to reduce obesity risk. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed at the workshop.



Examining a Developmental Approach to Childhood Obesity:

Author : Food and Nutrition Board

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 170 pages

File Size : 50,27 MB

Release : 2015-09-08

Category : Medical

ISBN : 9780309376952

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Book Description

Recent scientific evidence points to the origins of childhood obesity as an outcome of the dynamic interplay of genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors throughout early development, with a compelling body of evidence suggesting that both maternal and paternal nutritional and other exposures affect a child's risk of later obesity. The burgeoning field of epigenetics has led researchers to speculate that many of the observed associations between early developmental exposures and later risk of childhood obesity are mediated, at least in part, through epigenetic mechanisms. To explore the body of evolving science that examines the nexus of biology, environment, and developmental stage on risk of childhood obesity, the Institute of Medicine and the National Research Council convened a workshop in February 2015. The workshop focused on the prenatal period, infancy, and early childhood and addressed evidence from both animal and human studies. Workshop objectives were to (1) identify epigenetic-mediated relationships between exposure to risk factors during sensitive periods of development (gestation through age 3) and subsequent obesity-related outcomes; (2) explore the science around periods of plasticity and potential reversibility of obesity risk in the context of early childhood development; and (3) examine the translation of epigenetic science to guide early childhood obesity prevention and intervention to reduce obesity risk. This report summarizes the information presented and discussed at the workshop.



Obesity in the Early Childhood Years

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 115 pages

File Size : 21,11 MB

Release : 2016-05-23

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309439248

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Book Description

Among the many troubling aspects of the rising prevalence of obesity in the United States and elsewhere in recent years, the growth of early childhood overweight and obesity stands out. To explore what is known about effective and innovative interventions to counter obesity in young children, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine's Roundtable on Obesity Solutions held a workshop in October 2015. The workshop brought together many of the leading researchers on obesity in young children to describe the state of the science and potential solutions based on that research. Participants explored sustainable collaborations and new insights into the implementation of interventions and policies, particularly those related to nutrition and physical activity, for the treatment and prevention of obesity in young children. Obesity in the Early Childhood Years summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.



A Life Course Perspective on Health Trajectories and Transitions

Author : Claudine Burton-Jeangros

Publisher : Springer

Page : 215 pages

File Size : 10,35 MB

Release : 2015-08-11

Category : Medical

ISBN : 331920484X

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Book Description

This open access book examines health trajectories and health transitions at different stages of the life course, including childhood, adulthood and later life. It provides findings that assess the role of biological and social transitions on health status over time. The essays examine a wide range of health issues, including the consequences of military service on body mass index, childhood obesity and cardiovascular health, socio-economic inequalities in preventive health care use, depression and anxiety during the child rearing period, health trajectories and transitions in people with cystic fibrosis and oral health over the life course. The book addresses theoretical, empirical and methodological issues as well as examines different national contexts, which help to identify factors of vulnerability and potential resources that support resilience available for specific groups and/or populations. Health reflects the ability of individuals to adapt to their social environment. This book analyzes health as a dynamic experience. It examines how different aspects of individual health unfold over time as a result of aging but also in relation to changing socioeconomic conditions. It also offers readers potential insights into public policies that affect the health status of a population.



Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8

Author : National Research Council

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 587 pages

File Size : 43,1 MB

Release : 2015-07-23

Category : Social Science

ISBN : 0309324882

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Book Description

Children are already learning at birth, and they develop and learn at a rapid pace in their early years. This provides a critical foundation for lifelong progress, and the adults who provide for the care and the education of young children bear a great responsibility for their health, development, and learning. Despite the fact that they share the same objective - to nurture young children and secure their future success - the various practitioners who contribute to the care and the education of children from birth through age 8 are not acknowledged as a workforce unified by the common knowledge and competencies needed to do their jobs well. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 explores the science of child development, particularly looking at implications for the professionals who work with children. This report examines the current capacities and practices of the workforce, the settings in which they work, the policies and infrastructure that set qualifications and provide professional learning, and the government agencies and other funders who support and oversee these systems. This book then makes recommendations to improve the quality of professional practice and the practice environment for care and education professionals. These detailed recommendations create a blueprint for action that builds on a unifying foundation of child development and early learning, shared knowledge and competencies for care and education professionals, and principles for effective professional learning. Young children thrive and learn best when they have secure, positive relationships with adults who are knowledgeable about how to support their development and learning and are responsive to their individual progress. Transforming the Workforce for Children Birth Through Age 8 offers guidance on system changes to improve the quality of professional practice, specific actions to improve professional learning systems and workforce development, and research to continue to build the knowledge base in ways that will directly advance and inform future actions. The recommendations of this book provide an opportunity to improve the quality of the care and the education that children receive, and ultimately improve outcomes for children.



Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan

Author : Matthew R. Sanders

Publisher : Springer

Page : 849 pages

File Size : 19,55 MB

Release : 2018-12-06

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 331994598X

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Book Description

This handbook presents the latest theories and findings on parenting, from the evolving roles and tasks of childrearing to insights from neuroscience, prevention science, and genetics. Chapters explore the various processes through which parents influence the lives of their children, as well as the effects of parenting on specific areas of child development, such as language, communication, cognition, emotion, sibling and peer relationships, schooling, and health. Chapters also explore the determinants of parenting, including consideration of biological factors, parental self-regulation and mental health, cultural and religious factors, and stressful and complex social conditions such as poverty, work-related separation, and divorce. In addition, the handbook provides evidence supporting the implementation of parenting programs such as prevention/early intervention and treatments for established issues. The handbook addresses the complementary role of universal and targeted parenting programs, the economic benefits of investment in parenting programs, and concludes with future directions for research and practice. Topics featured in the Handbook include: · The role of fathers in supporting children’s development. · Developmental disabilities and their effect on parenting and child development. · Child characteristics and their reciprocal effects on parenting. · Long-distance parenting and its impact on families. · The shifting dynamic of parenting and adult-child relationships. · The effects of trauma, such as natural disasters, war exposure, and forced displacement on parenting. The Handbook of Parenting and Child Development Across the Lifespan is an essential reference for researchers, graduate students, clinicians, and therapists and professionals in clinical child and school psychology, social work, pediatrics, developmental psychology, family studies, child and adolescent psychiatry, and special education.



Socializing Children through Language

Author : Pamela Davis-Kean

Publisher : Academic Press

Page : 202 pages

File Size : 10,29 MB

Release : 2016-06-11

Category : Psychology

ISBN : 0128036508

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Book Description

Using psychological theory as a basis, Socializing Children through Language examines naturally occurring conversations between mothers and children in the context of achievement, self-regulation, food consumption, and television watching to illustrate how families of different socioeconomic means interact and discuss a variety of topics in the home. Specifically, the chapters in this book draw on enhanced audio recordings of over 40 families across a range of education and income levels to investigate how mothers' language relates to child behaviors over time. The unique pairing of this digital observer data with empirical data on achievement tests, regulation tasks, and parenting information on the home environment collected one year later presents an altogether revolutionary way to understand and think about how family socialization works across socioeconomic levels. - Focuses on mother–child talk about desires, thoughts, and emotions - Studies the relationship between math talk and children's math knowledge and achievement - Emphasizes the management language used by mothers to guide the behavior of their children - Explores children's media environment in the home, the conversations that occur during digital technology use, and whether it relates to children's outcomes - Considers food-related discussions in families prior to and during mealtimes, including how parents and children express food likes and dislikes, hunger, mealtime routines and expectations, and explanations about nutritional values



Pediatric Physical Examination - E-Book

Author : Karen G. Duderstadt

Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences

Page : 419 pages

File Size : 46,36 MB

Release : 2023-11-02

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0323930824

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Book Description

Known for its accuracy, consistency, and portability, Pediatric Physical Examination: An Illustrated Handbook, 4th Edition teaches the unique range of skills that Nurse Practitioners and primary care providers need to assess children of all ages. Spiral-bound for quick reference in clinical settings, this photo-rich, step-by-step guide to physical examination prepares you to expertly examine children from birth through adolescence. Body system chapters begin with fetal development and take you through the key developmental stages of childhood. This edition features new sections with Telehealth Tips and Considerations for Special Populations in many chapters, as well as expanded coverage of maltreatment, mental health, and social disparities of health. - Expert guidance for the pediatric physical exam employs the "quiet-to-active" approach, starting with the listening parts of the physical exam and moving on to the hands-on components, the physical assessment approach that yields the best results in the pediatric age group. - Quick-reference features include special tables/boxes, such as Information Gathering, Conditions, Pediatric Pearls, Red Flags, Interprofessional Collaboration Notes, Evidence-Based Practice, and EHR Documentation. - Easy-to-use layout provides quick access to concise guidance for the pediatric physical exam. - Richly illustrated, full-color format facilitates readability and learning with more than 300 photos and line drawings of assessment techniques and common assessment findings. - Inclusive and ethnically diverse illustrations better represent the diverse populations pediatric health care providers work with every day. - NEW! Telehealth Tips section added to chapters reflects the greatly expanded use of telehealth visits in clinical practice. - NEW! Information on maltreatment, mental and behavioral health, and social determinants of health explored throughout the chapters. - NEW! Considerations for special needs populations added to most chapters. - NEW! Guidance on use of screen time for early childhood and advice for families.



Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies

Author : Institute of Medicine

Publisher : National Academies Press

Page : 202 pages

File Size : 31,19 MB

Release : 2011-10-31

Category : Medical

ISBN : 0309210283

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Book Description

Childhood obesity is a serious health problem that has adverse and long-lasting consequences for individuals, families, and communities. The magnitude of the problem has increased dramatically during the last three decades and, despite some indications of a plateau in this growth, the numbers remain stubbornly high. Efforts to prevent childhood obesity to date have focused largely on school-aged children, with relatively little attention to children under age 5. However, there is a growing awareness that efforts to prevent childhood obesity must begin before children ever enter the school system. Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies reviews factors related to overweight and obese children from birth to age 5, with a focus on nutrition, physical activity, and sedentary behavior, and recommends policies that can alter children's environments to promote the maintenance of healthy weight. Because the first years of life are important to health and well-being throughout the life span, preventing obesity in infants and young children can contribute to reversing the epidemic of obesity in children and adults. The book recommends that health care providers make parents aware of their child's excess weight early. It also suggests that parents and child care providers keep children active throughout the day, provide them with healthy diets, limit screen time, and ensure children get adequate sleep. In addition to providing comprehensive solutions to tackle the problem of obesity in infants and young children, Early Childhood Obesity Prevention Policies identifies potential actions that could be taken to implement those recommendations. The recommendations can inform the decisions of state and local child care regulators, child care providers, health care providers, directors of federal and local child care and nutrition programs, and government officials at all levels.



Childhood Obesity

Author : Sevil Ari Yuca

Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand

Page : 252 pages

File Size : 43,70 MB

Release : 2012-03-28

Category : Medical

ISBN : 9535103741

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Book Description

This book aims to provide readers with a general as well as an advanced overview of the key trends in childhood obesity. Obesity is an illness that occurs due to a combination of genetic, environmental, psychosocial, metabolic and hormonal factors. The prevalence of obesity has shown a great rise both in adults and children in the last 30 years. It is known that one third of children who are obese in childhood and 80% of adolescents who are obese in their adolescent years continue to be obese later in life. Obesity is an important risk factor in serious illnesses such as heart disease, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension and early atherosclerosis.