Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments


Book Description

This book reviews the research pertaining to nutrient requirements for working in cold or in high-altitude environments and states recommendations regarding the application of this information to military operational rations. It addresses whether, aside from increased energy demands, cold or high-altitude environments elicit an increased demand or requirement for specific nutrients, and whether performance in cold or high-altitude environments can be enhanced by the provision of increased amounts of specific nutrients.




Heat Stress in Sport and Exercise


Book Description

The book is designed to provide a flowing description of the physiology of heat stress, the illnesses associated with heat exposure, recommendations on optimising health and performance, and an examination of Olympic sports played in potentially hot environmental conditions. In the first section the book examines how heat stress effects performance by outlining the basics of thermoregulation and how these responses impact on cardiovascular, central nervous system, and skeletal muscle function. It also outlines the pathophysiology and treatment of exertional heat illness, as well as the role of hydration status during exercise in the heat. Thereafter, countermeasures (e.g. cooling and heat acclimation) are covered and an explanation as to how they may aid in decreasing the incidence of heat illness and minimise the impairment in performance is provided. A novel and particular feature of the book is its inclusion of sport-specific chapters in which the influence of heat stress on performance and health is described, as well as strategies and policies adopted by the governing bodies in trying to offset the deleterious role of thermal strain. Given the breadth and scope of the sections, the book will be a reference guide for clinicians, practitioners, coaches, athletes, researchers, and students.




Thermoregulation and Human Performance


Book Description

Over the last decades, our understanding of the relationship between thermoregulation, performance and fatigue has changed dramatically. New advances in technology and methodology permitted the study of rising and decreasing body temperature on metabolism and provided insights into the role the nervous system plays in determining human performance under thermally stressful situations. Further analysis of previous research has been necessary in addition to considering theories derived from complimentary areas of research such as evolutionary biology, anthropology and cellular and molecular biology. This publication provides different interpretations of recent research for a better understanding of the limitations of thermoregulation. In particular, it presents evidence for the human's ability to anticipate thermal limits and adjust their performance accordingly so that cellular homeostasis is preserved. Further, the book is featuring the inclusion of the effect of reduced body temperature on muscular performance and endurance which today is a popular method for providing avenues of reduced thermal strain and recovery from exercise. This publication will be an essential read for those working in thermal medicine, exercise physiology and human performance.




Extreme Weather Events and Public Health Responses


Book Description

The global climate is changing. The trend towards warmer average surface temperatures for the period since 1976 is roughly three times that of the past 100 years as a whole. In recent years warming seems to be attributable to human activities (man-made environmental changes) like land-use changes, deforestation, urbanisation and the reduction of wetlands. Global climate change is likely to be accompanied by an increase in frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. This brings with it increased health risks and hence a demand for an adequate response from local health authorities to meet these risks. In 2004, the WHO Regional Office for Europe and the European Environment Agency organized an expert meeting to exchange information and develop recommendations on public health and environmental responses to weather and climate extremes, floods, heat-waves and cold spells. This book reflects a collection of case studies and experiences of experts, ministries and international organizations.




ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology


Book Description

Written by international experts in physiology, exercise physiology, and research, ACSM's Advanced Exercise Physiology gives students an advanced level of understanding of exercise physiology. It emphasizes the acute and chronic effects of exercise on various physiological systems in adults and the integrative nature of these physiological responses. Chapters detail how different body systems respond to exercise. Systems include nervous, skeletal, muscular, respiratory, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic, endocrine, immune, renal, and hematopoietic systems. Additional chapters explain how these responses are altered by heat, cold, hypoxia, microgravity, bed rest, and hyperbaria. Milestones of Discovery pages describe classic or memorable experiments in exercise physiology.




Physiology and Pathophysiology of Temperature Regulation


Book Description

This is a user-friendly monograph designed for medical students as well as graduate students and postdoctoral trainees in medicine and other health-related sciences who need a comprehensive overview of thermoregulation. It presents the bases of the modern concepts in thermal physiology and pathophysiology, bringing together the disciplines encompassed by this highly integrative field ? physiology, anatomy, biophysics, molecular and cellular biology, pharmacology, neuroscience, pathology, medicine, and others ? into a clear and concise form that can be read comfortably in a relatively short time. This text was conceived by the Commission on Thermal Physiology of the International Union of Physiological Sciences in response to its concern over the inadequate and outdated coverage of this topic in traditional textbooks. The membership of this Commission comprises international experts in each of the subfields of thermal physiology, with extensive research and teaching experience in their respective specialties. They are the authors of the chapters of this indispendable textbook.




Temperature Regulation in Humans and Other Mammals


Book Description

How do mammals manage to maintain their body temperature within the same narrow range in environments as different as polar regions and hot deserts? This advanced text describes the morphological features and physiological mechanisms by which humans and other mammals maintain their body temperature within a narrow range despite large variations in climatic conditions and internal heat production. Its 19 chapters deal with the physics of heat exchange with the environment, and the autonomic and behavioural mechanisms available to control the loss and production of heat. The neuronal basis of temperature regulation and current concepts of the central nervous interface between temperature signals generated in the body and control mechanisms are examined in detail. This book is of invaluable help for undergraduates, postgraduates, teachers, physicians and scientists.




Exertional Heat Illnesses


Book Description

The only text to focus exclusively on heat-related illnesses. Full of practical advice for professionals in a variety of medical, academic, & commercial settings. Learn how to identify, treat & prevent exertional heat illnesses & ensure your sporting events are safe.




Temperature Regulation


Book Description

MANY aspects of physiology are best understood in terms of bodily reactions to environmental stress, and temperature is one of the most often encountered stress factors in the environment. The responses to temperature can involve practically all of the organ systems of the body and it is for this reason that the study of the regulation of body temperatures represents one of the finest examples of complex reaction integrated by the nervous and endocrine systems, and hence of the principles of biological control. Thus, while thermoregulation offers an abundance of opportunities for the individual who likes to specialize in depth, it is an ideal type of physiology for those who prefer to think of the functioning of the body as whole. This book is written primarily for the undergraduate, but I hope also that some students may find time to read it, before embarking on a university course, as an introduction to some of the ideas that will be encountered in the more detailed study of the biological sciences, including medicine. I have tried to discuss the evidence for important ideas, since this is fundamental to the scientific method, and have been particularly concerned to avoid the use of the sort of technical jargon that gives a spurious impression of authority while in reality creating confusion out of what is in essence simple.




Human Circulation


Book Description

Here is the first single-volume work to analyze in a comprehensive manner the mechanisms by which the human cardiovascular system adjusts to physical stresses such as exercise, heat, upright posture, and hypoxia. Emphasizing the regulation of regional blood flow and blood volume, the work delineates the unique character of the human cardiovascular system and the regulatory problems it faces. It represents a timely response to the growing interest in cardiovascular health, exercise, and physical conditioning. In describing the basic mechanisms of vasomotor control, the author focuses on the interaction between the arterial and venous systems. He indicates how control of regional circulations interacts with control of venous volume and cardiac performance, showing how vasomotor and venomotor regulation serves the entire organism. This treatment redresses an imbalance in contemporary teaching of cardiovascular physiology which has focused more on the heart than on the vasculature. The book utilizes graphics imaginatively throughout to clarify concepts in a fresh and effective way. Features: * Analytical, quantitative, and problem oriented * Uniquely comprehensive; coverage extends from small blood vessel functioning to the entire system * Imaginatively illustrated, with exceptionally clear graphics that explain basic principles and controversial ideas * Original, new ideas on how peripheral circulation influences heart performance * Probes the upper limits of human cardiovascular function, their causes and how they change