Extraction of Chemicals from Seawater, Inland Brines and Rock Salt Deposits


Book Description

This study covers: The range of primary chemicals obtained at present from seawater, inland brines and rock salt deposits; A review of established plants; Process flow diagrams; Process descriptions; Material and energy requirements of the major processes; Capital and operating costs and personnel requirements; Probable future trends of production, with special reference to bromine production as a consequence of existing and proposed restrictions on automobile exhausts and atmospheric pollution, and alternative utilization of bromine; The development of secondary industries based on the primary chemicals specified above. The study further examines the possibility of producing chemicals from seawater and other brines in conjunction with the desalination of seawater. The steps that would be necessary to initiate such a chemical complex are outlined. Excluded from the study are mineral deposits on the ocean floor, sulphur, and petroleum and natural gas.







Industrial Minerals


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The Material Flow of Salt


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Promoting Oral Health


Book Description

This book bears witness to the effectiveness of salt fluoridation for the mass reduction of dental caries in the population. The first part traces the history of salt fluoridation programmes beginning from the earliest attempts in Switzerland in the 1950s to more recent success stories in Europe and the Americas. The second section is a how-to treatise for planning launching running monitoring and evaluating salt fluoridation programmes. The third section presents recommendations for launching a salt fluoridation programme blueprints for proposing and enacting salt fluoridation legislation and detailed standardized research protocols and sample forms for conducting epidemiological research - all of them essential tools for policy makers health planners and health workers.




The Chemistry of Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine


Book Description

The Chemistry of Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine and Astatine is a special edition that contains selected sections and addresses the needs of specialists in their respective fields. The text describes the general atomic properties of non-metals, particularly the halogens, as being the perfect series to study, both in physical and chemical terms. The book explains that the combination of the atomic properties implies excellent electronegativity values for the halogen atoms. The text also cites some behavior characteristics of halogens that are irregular, such as chlorine and bromine are similar but differ from fluorine on one side and iodine on the other. The book also compares the general methods of producing chlorine, bromine, or iodine by 1) oxidation of halide derivatives or 2) reduction of compounds of the halogens in positive oxidation states. The text then reviews the application of a complex valence theory that raises difficult questions about the bonding in halogen-oxygen molecules. The book also explains the biological behavior of astatine that accumulates in the liver or in the thyroid gland depending on the method of administration either as a radiocolloid or as a true solution. The book is suitable for molecular biologists and researchers, molecular chemists, and medical researchers.