Aspen Treatise for Patent Law


Book Description

"A succinct, clearly written, first-principles demystification of U.S. patent law"--




Faber on Mechanics of Patent Claim Drafting


Book Description

More patent applications are rejected because of claim drafting flaws than because of problems with inventions. A trusted working tool for more than two decades, Faber on Mechanics of Patent Claim Drafting spotlights proven claim drafting practices and techniques that have been firmly established by patent authorities and custom. This lucid, time-saving handbook offers you: - Start-to-finish directions for each type of claim--apparatus or machine, method or process, composition of matter, article of manufacture, and biotechnology. - Extensive discussion of nonart rejections, classic and more recent constructions of means clauses, inherent function of the apparatus doctrine, mental steps and computer programs, product-by-process claims, and claims referring to drawings. - Quotations from litigated claims to help you see which types of limitations and phrases have (and have not) been "judicially approved." - Real-world examples of dependent claims, Jepson claims, generic and species claims, subcombination claims, and biotechnology. - Numerous tips on how to avoid common claim drafting mistakes. - Definitions and preferred usage of stylized words and phrases in patent law, such as "comprising," "consisting," "means for," "step for," and "whereby." - Guidance on how to review claims to eliminate errors and superfluous language. Faber on Mechanics of Patent Claim Drafting examines: - Ways of avoiding transition words that can cause unnecessary claim interpretation problems. - Claim terms that are incapable of interpretation and can render claims indefinite and invalid. - Problematic alternative expressions. - Practical issues involved in amending filed claims, claiming numerical ranges and amounts, and disclosing in a specification several alternatives of elements or embodiments of the invention. Faber on Mechanics of Patent Claim Drafting provides full coverage of U.S. Supreme Court and other court decisions critical to claim drafting. It is an indispensable guide for patent specialists and other intellectual property attorneys, corporate counsel, and non-specialists who represent inventors, patent officials, and inventors.







Answer Set Programming


Book Description

Answer set programming (ASP) is a programming methodology oriented towards combinatorial search problems. In such a problem, the goal is to find a solution among a large but finite number of possibilities. The idea of ASP came from research on artificial intelligence and computational logic. ASP is a form of declarative programming: an ASP program describes what is counted as a solution to the problem, but does not specify an algorithm for solving it. Search is performed by sophisticated software systems called answer set solvers. Combinatorial search problems often arise in science and technology, and ASP has found applications in diverse areas—in historical linguistic, in bioinformatics, in robotics, in space exploration, in oil and gas industry, and many others. The importance of this programming method was recognized by the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence in 2016, when AI Magazine published a special issue on answer set programming. The book introduces the reader to the theory and practice of ASP. It describes the input language of the answer set solver CLINGO, which was designed at the University of Potsdam in Germany and is used today by ASP programmers in many countries. It includes numerous examples of ASP programs and present the mathematical theory that ASP is based on. There are many exercises with complete solutions.







World Development Report 2020


Book Description

Global value chains (GVCs) powered the surge of international trade after 1990 and now account for almost half of all trade. This shift enabled an unprecedented economic convergence: poor countries grew rapidly and began to catch up with richer countries. Since the 2008 global financial crisis, however, the growth of trade has been sluggish and the expansion of GVCs has stalled. Meanwhile, serious threats have emerged to the model of trade-led growth. New technologies could draw production closer to the consumer and reduce the demand for labor. And trade conflicts among large countries could lead to a retrenchment or a segmentation of GVCs. World Development Report 2020: Trading for Development in the Age of Global Value Chains examines whether there is still a path to development through GVCs and trade. It concludes that technological change is, at this stage, more a boon than a curse. GVCs can continue to boost growth, create better jobs, and reduce poverty provided that developing countries implement deeper reforms to promote GVC participation; industrial countries pursue open, predictable policies; and all countries revive multilateral cooperation.







Skilled Interpersonal Communication


Book Description

Previous editions ('Social Skills in Interpersonal Communication') have established this work as the standard textbook on communication. Directly relevant to a multiplicity of research areas and professions, this thoroughly revised and updated edition has been expanded to include the latest research as well as a new chapter on negotiating. Key examples and summaries have been augmented to help contextualise the theory of skilled interpersonal communication in terms of its practical applications. Combining both clarity and a deep understanding of the subject matter, the authors have succeeded in creating a new edition which will be essential to anyone studying or working in the field of interpersonal communication.




Gramophone, Film, Typewriter


Book Description

On history of communication




Software Studies


Book Description

This collection of short expository, critical and speculative texts offers a field guide to the cultural, political, social and aesthetic impact of software. Experts from a range of disciplines each take a key topic in software and the understanding of software, such as algorithms and logical structures.