Fabrication and Characterization of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Devices with External Doping


Book Description

Owing to its excellent light harvesting, high-charge carrier mobility, and long electron- and hole-transport lengths, organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have attracted enormous attention recently under the urgent demands of green energy with environmental friendliness. Although various photovoltaic architectures based on alkylammonum lead halides have been fabricated and have achieved impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCEs), there are still several issues that need to be further addressed and solved properly, for example, the requirement of facile fabrication procedure, the chemical stability of perovskite films, and the environmental friendliness. Herein, we review the recent experimental progress on the external doping of hybrid perovskite devices by organics and metals, which demonstrate the tuning of optical absorption gap and the enhancement of both devices' stability and performance. Doping at varying layers in the perovskite films was discovered to contribute differently to the improvement of the hybrid organic-inorganic electronics. In the end, prospective was also made on the development of hybrid organic-inorganic devices.




Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells


Book Description

Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells: Fundamental Concepts to Fabrication Methods is a one-stop, authoritative resource on all types of inorganic, organic and hybrid solar cells, including their theoretical background and the practical knowledge required for fabrication. With chapters rigorously dedicated to a particular type of solar cell, each subchapter takes a detailed look at synthesis recipes, deposition techniques, materials properties and their influence on solar cell performance, including advanced characterization methods with materials selection and experimental techniques. By addressing the evolution of solar cell technologies, second generation thin-film photovoltaics, organic solar cells, and finally, the latest hybrid organic-inorganic approaches, this book benefits students and researchers in solar cell technology to understand the similarities, differences, benefits and challenges of each device. Introduces the basic concepts of different photovoltaic cells to audiences from a wide variety of academic backgrounds Consists of working principles of a particular category of solar technology followed by dissection of every component within the architecture Crucial experimental procedures for the fabrication of solar cell devices are introduced, aiding picture practical application of the technology




Characterization Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cell Materials


Book Description

Characterization Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cell Materials: Characterization of Recently Emerged Perovskite Solar Cell Materials to Provide an Understanding of the Fundamental Physics on the Nano Scale and Optimize the Operation of the Device Towards Stable and Low-Cost Photovoltaic Technology explores the characterization of nanocrystals of the perovskite film, related interfaces, and the overall impacts of these properties on device efficiency. Included is a collection of both main and research techniques for perovskite solar cells. For the first time, readers will have a complete reference of different characterization techniques, all housed in a work written by highly experienced experts. Explores various characterization techniques for perovskite solar cells and discusses both their strengths and weaknesses Discusses material synthesis and device fabrication of perovskite solar cells Includes a comparison throughout the work on how to distinguish one perovskite solar cell from another




Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites


Book Description

Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted substantial interest due to their chemical variability, structural diversity and favorable physical properties the past decade. This materials class encompasses other important families such as formates, azides, dicyanamides, cyanides and dicyanometallates. The book summarizes the chemical variability and structural diversity of all known hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites subclasses including halides, azides, formates, dicyanamides, cyanides and dicyanometallates. It also presents a comprehensive account of their intriguing physical properties, including photovoltaic, optoelectronic, dielectric, magnetic, ferroelectric, ferroelastic and multiferroic properties. Moreover, the current challenges and future opportunities in this exciting field are also been discussed. This timely book shows the readers a complete landscape of hybrid organic-inorganic pervoskites and associated multifuctionalities.




Mechanisms and Fabrications of High Efficiency Organic-inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells


Book Description

Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have been demonstrated as excellent light absorbers for high-efficiency photovoltaic applications. The power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells increases dramatically from 3.8 % to a certified 22.1 % in about five years of development. The dissertation reports the research efforts of two directions: to fabricate low-cost high-efficiency perovskite solar cells and to understand the device physics behind some unusual phenomenon in perovskite solar cells. The research activities mainly focused on: 1) Understanding the basic optoelectric properties of hybrid perovskites; 2) Increasing the open-circuit voltage of perovskite solar cells by reducing the energy disorder of the electron transport layer; 3) Reducing the fabrication cost of perovskite solar cells by developing a vacuum-free low temperature lamination technique for the top electrode. 4) Elucidating the origin of photocurrent hysteresis and eliminating it by passivating the surface trap of perovskites. 5) Understanding the impact of ion migration in perovskite optoelectronics including photovoltaics and synaptic devices.




Hybrid Perovskite Composite Materials


Book Description

Hybrid Composite Perovskite Materials: Design to Applications discusses the manufacturing, design and characterization of organic-inorganic perovskite composite materials. The book goes beyond the basics of characterization and discusses physical properties, surface morphology and environmental stability. Users will find extensive examples of real-world products that are suitable for the needs of the market. Following a logical order, the book begins with mathematical background and then covers innovative approaches to physical modeling, analysis and design techniques. Numerous examples illustrate the proposed methods and results, making this book a sound resource on the modern research application of perovskite composites with real commercial value. Discusses the composition of perovskite materials and their properties, manufacturing and environmental stability Includes both fundamentals and state-of-the-art developments Features the main types of applications, including solar cells, photovoltaics, sensors and optoelectronic devices




Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells


Book Description

Unparalleled coverage of the most vibrant research field in photovoltaics! Hybrid perovskites, revolutionary game-changing semiconductor materials, have every favorable optoelectronic characteristic necessary for realizing high efficiency solar cells. The remarkable features of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics, such as superior material properties, easy material fabrication by solution-based processing, large-area device fabrication by an inkjet technology, and simple solar cell structures, have brought enormous attentions, leading to a rapid development of the solar cell technology at a pace never before seen in solar cell history. Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells: Characteristics and Operation covers extensive topics of hybrid perovskite solar cells, providing easy-to-read descriptions for the fundamental characteristics of unique hybrid perovskite materials (Part I) as well as the principles and applications of hybrid perovskite solar cells (Part II). Both basic and advanced concepts of hybrid perovskite devices are treated thoroughly in this book; in particular, explanatory descriptions for general physical and chemical aspects of hybrid perovskite photovoltaics are included to provide fundamental understanding. This comprehensive book is highly suitable for graduate school students and researchers who are not familiar with hybrid perovskite materials and devices, allowing the accumulation of the accurate knowledge from the basic to the advanced levels.




Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanomaterials


Book Description

Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Multifunctional Nanomaterials covers major techniques for the design, synthesis, and development of multifunctional nanomaterials. The chapters highlight the main characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning probe microscopy.The book explores major synthesis methods and functional studies, including: Brillouin spectroscopy; Temperature-dependent Raman spectroscopic studies; Magnetic, ferroelectric, and magneto-electric coupling analysis; Organ-on-a-chip methods for testing nanomaterials; Magnetron sputtering techniques; Pulsed laser deposition techniques; Positron annihilation spectroscopy to prove defects in nanomaterials; Electroanalytic techniques. This is an important reference source for materials science students, scientists, and engineers who are looking to increase their understanding of design and fabrication techniques for a range of multifunctional nanomaterials. Explains the major design and fabrication techniques and processes for a range of multifunctional nanomaterials; Demonstrates the design and development of magnetic, ferroelectric, multiferroic, and carbon nanomaterials for electronic applications, energy generation, and storage; Green synthesis techniques and the development of nanofibers and thin films are also emphasized.