Factors Influencing Juror Decision Making in Criminal Trials Involving Recovered Memory of Childhood Sexual Abuse


Book Description

The current study examined the impact of expert witness orientation (researcher or clinical practitioner) and type of testimony (testimony for the prosecution, for the defense, for both prosecution and defense, and no testimony) on mock jurors' decisions in a sexual abuse trial. Participants read a summary of a sexual abuse criminal trial based on recovered memory; the summary included expert witness testimony (varied across participants based on the conditions described above). Participants then completed a juror decision making task. Results showed that expert witness testimony provided by a researcher did not impact mock jurors' guilt ratings any differently than the expert witness testimony provided by a clinical practitioner. However, type of testimony had a significant effect on jurors' guilt ratings. The prosecution witness expert testimony influenced mock jurors' decision in favor of the prosecution and testimony by a defense expert influenced the jurors' decisions in favor of the defense.




Memory and Sexual Misconduct


Book Description

Memory and Sexual Misconduct: Psychological Research for Criminal Justice investigates the veracity of memories of sexual misconduct and the factors that may influence accurate recall, and fundamentally assesses whether psychological science can help the criminal justice system in determining which accusations are likely to be accurate, and which are not. In recent years, the public has been inundated with announcements of sexual assault allegations, in particular against public figures like politicians, businessmen, movie moguls, and professional athletes. Many of these accusations concern events that occurred several years prior to their announcements and trials. Drawing upon a compilation of real-life sexual assault cases and psychological science on recall and sexual trauma, this book provides an analysis of memory reports of sexual misconduct, including inappropriate comments, behaviors, harassment, and assault. It compares these memories with other types of memory, such as flashbulb memories, co-witness conformity memory, and autobiographical memory. Memory and Sexual Misconduct helps readers interpret the role of emotion, the level of detail, and the possible distinction between someone remembering a past event and believing the past event occurred. By providing a thorough evaluation of the likelihood that misconduct memories are accurate and investigating factors that affect this accuracy, Memory and Sexual Misconduct is an invaluable text to both the criminal justice system and the general public, particularly as sexual misconduct allegations of past events continue to come to light.




Handbook Of Eyewitness Psychology 2 Volume Set


Book Description

The Handbook of Eyewitness Psychology presents a survey of research and legal opinions from international experts on the rapidly expanding scientific literature addressing the accuracy and limitations of eyewitnesses as a source of evidence for the courts. For the first time, extensive reviews of factors influencing witnesses of all ages – children, adults, and the elderly – are compiled in a single pair of volumes. The disparate research currently being conducted in eyewitness memory in psychology, criminal justice, and legal studies is coherently presented in this work. Volume 1 covers memory for events. Volume 2 cover memory for people.




The Psychology and Law of Criminal Justice Processes


Book Description

Psychological science now reveals much about the law's response to crime. This is the first text to bridge both fields as it presents psychological research and theory relevant to each phase of criminal justice processes. The materials are divided into three parts that follow a comprehensive introduction. The introduction analyses the major legal themes and values that guide criminal justice processes and points to the many psychological issues they raise. Part I examines how the legal system investigates and apprehends criminal suspects. Topics range from the identification, searching and seizing to the questioning of suspects. Part II focuses on how the legal system establishes guilt. To do so, it centres on the process of bargaining and pleading cases, assembling juries, providing expert witnesses, and considering defendants' mental states. Part III focuses on the disposition of cases. Namely, that part highlights the process of sentencing defendants, predicting criminal tendencies, treating and controlling offenders, and determining eligibility for such extreme punishments as the death penalty. The format seeks to give readers a feeling for the entire criminal justice process and for the role psychological science has and can play in it.




The SAGE Handbook of Persuasion


Book Description

The Second Edition of The SAGE Handbook of Persuasion: Developments in Theory and Practice provides readers with logical, comprehensive summaries of research in a wide range of areas related to persuasion. From a topical standpoint, this handbook takes an interdisciplinary approach, covering issues that will be of interest to interpersonal and mass communication researchers as well as to psychologists and public health practitioners.







Jury Decision Making


Book Description

While jury decision making has received considerable attention from social scientists, there have been few efforts to systematically pull together all the pieces of this research. In Jury Decision Making, Dennis J. Devine examines over 50 years of research on juries and offers a "big picture" overview of the field. The volume summarizes existing theories of jury decision making and identifies what we have learned about jury behavior, including the effects of specific courtroom practices, the nature of the trial, the characteristics of the participants, and the evidence itself. Making use of those foundations, Devine offers a new integrated theory of jury decision making that addresses both individual jurors and juries as a whole and discusses its ramifications for the courts. Providing a unique combination of broad scope, extensive coverage of the empirical research conducted over the last half century, and theory advancement, this accessible and engaging volume offers "one-stop shopping" for scholars, students, legal professionals, and those who simply wish to better understand how well the jury system works.







Factors Affecting Juror Decision-making in Sexual Abuse Trials Involving Recovered Memories


Book Description

The purpose of this research was to explore the influences of the gender of mock jurors, and the gender and age of plaintiffs, on juror verdicts in cases involving recovery of repressed memories. The impact of personal attitudes and beliefs regarding childhood sexual abuse and adolescent sexuality on verdicts was also investigated. Participants consisted of 524 jury-eligible individuals. Each participant read one of four fictional trial summaries in which alleged victim age and plaintiff gender were manipulated. Participants rendered verdicts in favour of either the plaintiff or defendant, rated plaintiff and defendant truthfulness, and indicated the amount of compensation they would offer the plaintiff. One week later, jurors completed attitudinal questionnaires. Results indicated that females are more sympathetic to alleged victims than males (as reflected in more favourable verdicts and compensation for the plaintiff). Findings also suggest that a gender bias exists among male jurors; specifically, malesoffered more compensation to female victims than to male victims, whereas female jurors offered similar amounts to both male and female victims. Juror attitudes were found to account for gender differences in the amount of compensation provided to victims and ratings of female plaintiff truthfulness. Implications for future research are discussed.




Children's Testimony


Book Description

The second edition of Children’s Testimony is a fully up-to-date resource for practitioners and researchers working in forensic contexts and concerned with children's ability to provide reliable testimony about abuse. Written for both practitioners and researchers working in forensic contexts, including investigative interviewers, police officers, lawyers, judges, expert witnesses, and social workers Explores a range of issues involved with children's testimony and their ability to provide reliable testimony about experienced or witnessed events, including abuse Avoids jargon and highly technical language Includes a comprehensive range of contributions from an international group of practitioners and researchers to ensure topicality and relevance