Essays on the Quality of Audited Financial Statements


Book Description

The dissertation consists of four essays on the quality of audited financial statements. The first analysis investigates the association between several regulations of the audit market and earnings characteristics. The second essay differentiates between different drivers of audit quality after an auditor change by comparing the effects of voluntary and mandatory auditor changes. The third study analyses the different strategies of Big4 and non-Big4 auditors in dealing with Level 3 fair values. The fourth part examines banks' valuation behavior concerning Level 3 fair values.




The Routledge Companion to Financial Accounting Theory


Book Description

Financial accounting theory has numerous practical applications and policy implications, for instance, international accounting standard setters are increasingly relying on theoretical accounting concepts in the creation of new standards; and corporate regulators are increasingly turning to various conceptual frameworks of accounting to guide regulation and the interpretation of accounting practices. The global financial crisis has also led to a new found appreciation of the social, economic and political importance of accounting concepts generally and corporate financial reporting in particular. For instance, the fundamentals of capital market theory (i.e. market efficiency) and measurement theory (i.e. fair value) have received widespread public and regulatory attention. This comprehensive, authoritative volume provides a prestige reference work which offers students, academics, regulators and practitioners a valuable resource containing the current scholarship and practice in the established field of financial accounting theory.




Law, Bubbles, and Financial Regulation


Book Description

Financial regulation can fail when it is needed the most. The dynamics of asset price bubbles weaken financial regulation just as financial markets begin to overheat and the risk of crisis spikes. At the same time, the failure of financial regulations adds further fuel to a bubble. This book examines the interaction of bubbles and financial regulation. It explores the ways in which bubbles lead to the failure of financial regulation by outlining five dynamics, which it collectively labels the "Regulatory Instability Hypothesis." . The book concludes by outlining approaches to make financial regulation more resilient to these dynamics that undermine law.




Did Basel III miss the point? The role of IFRS’s Other Comprehensive Income during the financial crisis


Book Description

The broad consensus before the recent financial crisis was that the so called fair value accounting (FVA) improves transparency contrary to the historical cost model. Since 2008, the discussion has been on the root cause of the crisis, which lessons can be gleaned from it and how making the same mistakes again can be avoided. Basel III was implemented in order to improve the regulatory environment and was the response of regulators and politicians to public pressure and suspicions raised by the bail out programmes for banks. Consequently, an until then inconceivable number of new regulations and regulatory bodies were introduced. FVA was also blamed as part of the cause of the recent financial crisis. Available-for Sales (AfS) securities represent a major component of bank balance sheet asset. Gains and losses of AfS-positions are recorded within the Other Comprehensive Income (OCI). The OCI includes items which are not recognized (IAS 1.7) in income statements but increase or decrease a bank’s equity. The items also include income and expenses from Available-for-Sale positions (AfS) in accordance with IAS 39. On October 13th, 2008, an amendment to IAS 39 was published by IASB. This amendment did authorize the reclassification of assets. This amendment clearly demonstrates the influence of FVA on the value of assets of banks that apply IFRS. The main objective of this book is to verify the influence of OCI and whether the new regulations sufficiently capture this critical factor. Regulators should ensure that unrealized profits do not result in a capital drain. One way to assure this is to make OCI subject to a prudential filter and to deduct it from regulatory capital, which was the case until CRR became effective on January 1st, 2014 (CEBS guideline 2004). Basel III is even less strict than Basel II in that regard. Article 26(1) CRR clearly states that CET1 items must be recognized only in case they are really available to the financial institution for “unrestricted and immediate use to cover risks or losses as soon as these occur”. Nevertheless, with the introduction of the CRR, the prudential filter for positions that caused the financial crisis and led to poor capitalization of banks was not strengthened but actually removed. At present, CRR does not envisage any filter for unrealized gains parked in OCI.




Handbook of Key Global Financial Markets, Institutions, and Infrastructure


Book Description

This title begins its description of how we created a financially-intergrated world by first examining the history of financial globalization, from Roman practices and Ottoman finance to Chinese standards, the beginnings of corporate practices, and the advent of efforts to safeguard financial stability.




Risk Management Post Financial Crisis


Book Description

Risk Management Post Financial Crisis: A Period of Monetary Easing provides further insights into postcrisis developments in the global economic and financial environment including advances in measuring and reporting risk and liquidity. Contributions come from leading banks, international organisations and worldrenowned universities.




First International Conference on Credit Analysis and Risk Management


Book Description

This book provides a summary of state-of-the-art methods and research in the analysis of credit. It thereby supplies very useful insights into this vital area of finance that has previously been insufficiently taught and researched in academia. The book, which includes an overview of processes that are utilized for estimating the probability of default and the loss given default for a wide array of debts, will be useful in evaluating individual loans and bonds as well as managing entire portfolios of such assets. Each of the chapters in the book is written by authors who presented and discussed their contemporary research and knowledge at the First International Conference on Credit Analysis and Risk Management that was held July 21–23, 2011 at Oakland University, Michigan, USA. This collection of writings by these experts in the field is uniquely designed to enhance the understanding of credit analysis in a fashion that permits a broad perspective on the science and art of credit analysis.




Broken Bargain


Book Description

“A sweeping account of financial calamities . . . shows how often we’ve been wracked by crises, and how quickly we forget why, setting up the next one.” —Mark Zandi, Chief Economist, Moody’s Analytics In the 1930s, battered and humbled by the Great Depression, the U.S. financial sector struck a grand bargain with the federal government. Bankers gained a safety net in exchange for certain curbs on their freedom: transparency rules, record-keeping and antifraud measures, and fiduciary responsibilities. Despite subsequent periodic changes in these regulations, the underlying bargain played a major role in preserving the stability of the financial markets as well as the larger economy. By the free-market era of the 1980s and 90s, however, Wall Street argued that rules embodied in New Deal–era regulations to protect consumers, and ultimately taxpayers, were no longer needed—and government agreed. This clear, deeply researched history documents the country’s financial crises, focusing on those of the 1920s, the 1980s, and the 2000s, revealing how the two more recent crises arose from the neglect of this fundamental bargain, and how taxpayers have been left with the bill. “An engaging analysis . . . The section on the S & L crisis is excellent.” —Choice “A fluent if dispiriting study of an economic system that forgives those at the top so long as those at the bottom remain willing to foot the bill.” —Kirkus Reviews




Saving Capitalism From Short-Termism: How to Build Long-Term Value and Take Back Our Financial Future


Book Description

PRAISE FOR SAVING CAPITALISM FROM SHORT TERMISM “As Rappaport keeps on speaking out for the realities surrounding investment and speculation, our society will profit as it builds on his keen insights.” —from the Foreword by John C. Bogle, founder of the Vanguard Group “Al Rappaport brings insight and wisdom to the short-termism debate, fully demonstrating the way perverse incentives are undermining public companies and capital markets.” —John Plender, Financial Times "In this rigorous, useful, and delightful book, Rappaport undresses short-term financial incentives for what they are: parasites that draw the value-creating innovation out of companies. And he shows how executives can align long-term value-creating investments with the right investors' expectations." —Clayton Christensen, Harvard Business School “How to make managers focus on the long-run is one of the most consequential and difficult questions in corporate governance and is the subject of much debate and disagreement. Professor Alfred Rappaport’s insightful book is a valuable contribution to this important debate.” —Lucian Bebchuk, Professor, Harvard Law School, and coauthor of Pay Without Performance “Saving Capitalism from Short-Termism insightfully exposes the contradictions by which we incentivize money managers to require short-term focus by company managers. Again and again in rereading this book, I am struck with the author’s felicitous style in raising subject after subject in which I have long been interested—but, until this read, have not been able to resolve. Buy it, read it, and enjoy.” —Robert A.G. Monks, founder ISS (Institutional Shareholder Services), Lens Governance Advisors, and The Corporate Library “Capitalism fails when corporate managers and professional investors prefer their own interests to those the true owners of businesses. In Saving Capitalism from Short-Termism, Al Rappaport shows how new incentives schemes can deliver shareholder value for the 21st century.” —Edward Chancellor, author of Devil Take the Hindmost: A History of Financial Speculation and member of GMO's Asset Allocation team About the Book Business leaders today obsess over quarterly earnings and the current stock price—and for good reason. Corporate incentives typically focus on short-term profits rather than long-term value creation. Nothing is more harmful to businesses—and to the broader economy. Few business thinkers in recent decades have contributed more to this subject than Alfred Rappaport. As an author and educator, Rappaport is a pioneer in developing the principles of values-based management and is an acknowledged authority on how to make long-term shareholder value the essential driver of corporate strategy. His latest work, Saving Capitalism from Short-Termism, is a clarion call for conquering the addiction to short-term profit—and getting on the path to building long-term value. Rappaport’s solution to short-termism is simple but profound: business leaders must align the interests of corporate and investment managers with those of their shareholders and beneficiaries. His plan includes: Gaining the commitment of senior management and the board to long-term value creation as their governing objective Incentives that reward CEOs, operating-unit managers, and front-line employees for delivering superior long-term value A major overhaul of corporate financial reporting that provides more relevant and transparent information to investors and other financial statement users Performance fees that align the interests of investment managers and shareholders Actively managed funds with concentrated holdings and long investment horizons that tilt the odds in favor of better long-term shareholder returns If corporate and investment leaders do not address the problem of short-termism, more financial crises may be in store—and they are likely to be more severe and broader than the meltdown in 2008. The trade-off is clear: We can continue to pursue short-term profit at the expense of economic vitality, individual financial security, and perhaps even the dominance of the free-market system itself. Or we can take the responsible path outlined in this book and generate innovation, quality, growth, and value over the long term.