Federal Tax Policies and Low-Income Rural Households


Book Description

Analyzes the increasing use of refundable tax credits targeted to low- and moderate-income households in the Federal individual income tax and determines their implications for rural America. The analysis matches a zip code approximation of the 2006 Rural-Urban Commuting Area Codes with IRS Individual Income Tax zip code and related data. These data are then used to examine the impact of the recent expansions to income tax credit programs on affected households. Expansions to both the refundable and non-refundable portions of the Earned Income and Child Tax credits have provided a major source of income support for low-income workers, especially in the South, where the rural poor are concentrated. Illus. A print on demand report.







Federal Tax Policies and Rural Households


Book Description

The Federal income tax structure has changed substantially over the last two decades. Tax rates have been reduced and deductions and credits, especially refundable tax credits, have expanded, reducing Federal income tax burdens and significantly increasing after-tax income. While these tax reforms have provided the greatest benefit to those with the highest tax liabilities, low- and middle-income rural residents, especially those with children, have been major beneficiaries of some of the changes. This book examines the effect on rural Americans of tax credits targeting low- and middle-income households by estimating the number of beneficiaries, the level of benefits, and the impact of the benefits on income and rural poverty. The relative importance of these tax credits compared with traditional income support programs is also discussed.




Federal Tax Policies and Farm Households


Book Description

Changes in Fed. tax provisions affecting both individual and business income taxes have reduced average tax rates for all farm households, resulting in the lowest tax burden on farm income and investment in a decade. Similarly, an analysis of the changes to Fed. estate tax policies suggests that increases in the value of property that can be transferred to the next generation free of the estate tax, combined with special provisions for farmers and other small businesses, have greatly reduced the number of farm estates subject to the tax and the amount owed. While nearly 10% of commercial farm estates could owe tax in 2009, only 1-2% of all farm estates are estimated to be subject to the Fed. estate tax this year. Charts and tables.




Rural Families and Work


Book Description

Rural Families and Work focuses on the findings of the Rural Families Speak research study and the theoretical frameworks that are utilized to examine the context of rural low-income families’ employment. This volume provides a solid foundation for understanding rural employment problems and issues. Family ecological theory is the central framework with a discussion of theories that contribute to the opportunities for the contextual research, including family economic stress theory, human capital, human capability, and some selected policy frameworks. Employment is addressed through review of policy issues, community contexts, family and social support, and available resources. Throughout the volume future research directions and applications are highlighted.







The Next Frontier


Book Description







Generation Unbound


Book Description

Over half of all births to young adults in the United States now occur outside of marriage, and many are unplanned. The result is increased poverty and inequality for children. The left argues for more social support for unmarried parents; the right argues for a return to traditional marriage. In Generation Unbound, Isabel V. Sawhill offers a third approach: change "drifters" into "planners." In a well-written and accessible survey of the impact of family structure on child well-being, Sawhill contrasts "planners," who are delaying parenthood until after they marry, with "drifters," who are having unplanned children early and outside of marriage. These two distinct patterns are contributing to an emerging class divide and threatening social mobility in the United States. Sawhill draws on insights from the new field of behavioral economics, showing that it is possible, by changing the default, to move from a culture that accepts a high number of unplanned pregnancies to a culture in which adults only have children when they are ready to be a parent.




Farmer's Tax Guide


Book Description