Financial Intermediation in Europe


Book Description

Two items were firmly on the European economic agenda in the 1990s: financial market integration and the creation of a common or single currency. The former was supposed to have been achieved in 1992 (via the Single Market Act, with some derogations), and the latter came into being on January 1, 1999. This study is concerned with a particular connection between the two themes, namely the process of financial intermediation and especially the role of banking. 1.1 Financial & Monetary Integration in Europe Up until the mid-1980s, European financial intermediation was, as else where 'on shore' in the post-war period, broadly characterised by a relatively high degree of diverse regulatory control and with cross-border restrictions (e.g., in the form of exchange controls). This resulted in the administration of interest rates and pegging of prime market yields, as well as restrictions on intermediary specialisation. Hence, it was easy to understand why price c ,etition was hardly ever seen. Within this kind of environment, banks and other financial intermediaries (OFIs) competed mainly on non-price terms - for example, through the expansion of branch networks. The Single Market Programme (SMP),l launched in 1986, was in a com plex way intended to level out and open up the domestic markets of the European Union (EU) to competition from entities in other Member States.




Financial Intermediation in the New Europe


Book Description

What role will the current evolution of banking systems play in the newly adopted EU countries during the historic challenges following enlargement? This book, a blend of economics and political economy, offers a systematic analysis of the current trends in financial intermediation in the countries of the newly enlarged Europe, with particular focus on those policies taken by foreign banks on the one hand, and by regulatory and supervisory authorities on the other. The authors argue that their research has led to one conclusion; in order to enter the EU, the accession countries needed to increase the efficiency of their economic systems rapidly through liberalization and privatization. The book assesses whether the presence of foreign banks will contribute to long term economic growth and financial stability, and how the architecture of banking regulations and supervision should be designed. As a multidisciplinary work, though principally economics, the book will appeal to scholars and academics of politics and law. It also has particular relevance for regulators and supervisory institutions, as well as professionals including bankers, financial operators and also legal compliance officers.




Financial Structure and Monetary Transmission in Europe


Book Description

'I can fully recommend this book to those interested in the transmission process of monetary policy.' - Harry Garretsen, De Economist Due to financial market imperfections it is imperative to analyse the relationship between financial structure and the monetary policy transmission process in Europe to effectively design and implement European monetary policy. Focusing on the years 1980-1995 and providing empirical evidence for six European countries, namely Germany, France, Italy, the UK, Belgium and the Netherlands, the author discusses whether cross-country variations in financial structure have a systematic relationship with inter-country differences in the monetary transmission process. The analysis of this is invaluable as differences in financial structures across EMU countries may hamper the implementation of a common European monetary policy in the future. The conclusion is that some elements of the financial structure are clearly relevant and applicable for European monetary policy and the monetary transmission process in particular.




Capital Markets and Financial Intermediation


Book Description

Financial intermediation is currently a subject of active research on both sides of the Atlantic. The integration of European financial markets, in particular, highlights several important issues. In this volume, derived from a joint CEPR conference with the Fundacion Banco Bilbao Vizcaya (BBV), leading academics from Europe and North America review 'state-of-the-art' theories of banking and financial intermediation and discuss their policy implications. The principal focus is on the risks of increased competition, the appropriate regulation of banks, and the differences between Anglo-American and Continental European forms of financial markets. Relationship banking, stock markets and banks, banking and corporate control, financial intermediation in Eastern Europe, monetary policy and the banking system, and financial intermediation and growth are also discussed.










Financial Markets in Central and Eastern Europe


Book Description

The countries of Central and Eastern Europe have been through a profound transition process for more than a decade now. The financial sectors and markets in the region have been subject to major structural reforms including privatization, liberalization and the acquisition by foreign banks of controlling interests in local financial institutions. This important new book includes papers that chart this process. Topics discussed include the implications of future EU membership, and the strategies pursued by the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.




Financial Services in Europe


Book Description

This very useful volume provides a ‘ground up’ survey, from a business law point of view, of the concept of finance as a vital component of the economic structure of the European Communities. In deeply informed detail it describes the architecture of the financial system, its institutions (banks, stock exchanges, etc.), the variety of financial instruments, the progress of liberalisation and harmonisation initiatives in Europe, relevant EC legislation, regulation of capital markets and securities, the development of international financial law, and the management of legal risk. The authors are all outstanding authorities in the field, with extensive experience both as practitioners and academics in many European countries and elsewhere in the world. The essays in this book grew out of lecture courses delivered under the auspices of the PALLAS Consortium organised by nine universities in seven EU Member States. Among the wealth of material covered, the reader will find, among much else, precise and interrelated explanations of the following: the transferring, sharing and insuring of risks; relevant contractual arrangements; the intermediation and distribution functions of financial institutions; primary markets versus secondary markets; money markets versus capital markets; stock market ‘players’; the role of letters of credit; pension funds; and the management of payment systems; The book is especially valuable for its middle way between a ‘top down’ EU regulatory perspective and a strictly national framework—a method that supports and reinforces a practice-oriented approach corresponding to the ‘real world’ in which domestic and cross-border aspects of financial services are inevitably intertwined. Practitioners and business law students will find the book extraordinarily useful for its expert guidance and insight in clarifying many situations involving financial services and in resolving typical problems.




Financial Development, Integration and Stability


Book Description

Financial industries in central, eastern and south-eastern Europe have undergone dramatic changes over the past decade. Foreign direct investment contributed to the development of market-oriented banking and financial systems able to support the rapid pace of economic growth in these countries. Policymakers, academics and private sector analysts have contributed to this volume with their stimulating insights on a broad range of issues, from recent credit booms to the cross-border integration of banking and capital markets. Anyone who wants to understand how finance, growth and financial stability interact in transition economies should read this book. Mario Draghi, Governor of the Banca d Italia and Chairman of the Financial Stability Forum This book highlights the achievements and challenges of the ongoing process of financial integration in Europe. The financial integration of Europe is both welcomed as an economic driving force and watched with concern as a source of potential stability. After all, changing financial, regulatory and corporate ownership structures are fuelling competition, capital mobility and financial intermediation, but at the same time creating new systemic risks. With a special focus on Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe, the contributors to this book explore a wide spectrum of underlying issues, including the finance-growth nexus, credit boom patterns, the implications of foreign bank entry modes, lessons learned from old EU member states and commercial bank strategies. Authoritative views from central bank officials and policymakers are complemented with a special focus on empirical and econometric evidence from academia as well as practical insights from key financial market players. This unique collection will be of great interest to economists and experts in the fields of financial markets and European integration from central, commercial and investment banks, governments, international organizations, universities and research institutes.




The Changing Role of Financial Intermediation in Europe


Book Description

After a review of factors such as technology and the related policy toward financial liberalization that has affected financial institutions worldwide, this paper focuses on changes in Continental Europe. We identify and review three driving forces: (a) European integration, (b) the factors that cause a growth of securities markets, and (c) financial innovation. The paper arrives at the conclusion that there will be significant changes in the European financial system in terms of the growth of securities markets but that this growth will center on bank-affiliated institutions who will strengthen their position within national markets. In contrast, there will be relatively little impact via cross-border mergers and acquisitions in the banking sector. Finally, the paper suggests some implications for corporate governance, which will not change unless government policy makes the system of financial intermediation more contestable by outsiders and creates the pre-conditions for an effective corporate control.