Financial Vulnerability in Canada


Book Description

This book examines financial vulnerability: a state in which a person or household cannot absorb any substantial spending or negative income shock without substantial financial and ultimately broader harm such as job loss, emotional harm, or mental illness. The focus of the book is on the experiences of low- income and modest income Canadian families – families which, by virtue of being in the lower income brackets, are particularly at risk of experiencing financial hardship. Looking at vulnerability from a conceptual and empirical lens, this book offers a framework to better understand the complex and interdependent ways in which financial vulnerability emerge and can be addressed. By locating its analysis of individual and household financial management in wider community, cultural, and economic contexts, this book seeks to offer holistic policy recommendations to reduce financial vulnerability, with implications that go beyond Canada and to other developed countries.







Assessing the financial vulnerability of households across Canadian regions


Book Description

For measure of debt serviceability and the share of financially- one, the quality of this data is reliant on the accuracy of vulnerable households, combined, have been allocated 40% the responses. [...] However, over the past two years, vulnerability has we've provided an "adjusted" index reading that builds in headed higher right across the board, and for the majority of the impact of an increase in the Bank of Canada's overnight regions, increases in the index began to accelerate in 2007. [...] The regions to-income ratios have been the major catalysts driving up that are most affected by this adjustment are those that have vulnerability - the debt-to-income ratio has followed an the highest share of individuals at, or near, a position of upward track in all regions since the mid-part of the 2000s, financial stress (i.e., 40% debt service ratio). [...] On the plus side, Note: micro-data data differs from national aggregates due to methodological rapidly-appreciating home prices in the province has left the differences debt-to-asset ratio - a metric of household leverage - below reflecting in large part the strength of housing markets and the Canadian average. [...] While the level of the index is not significantly Debt-service ratios have been falling and remain in a higher than third place Ontario, its rate of increase since comfortable range - despite rising indebtedness, the falling 2007 has been unrivalled across the country, pulling the cost of borrowing has been pulling down the share of income province closer to first place British Columbia.




Canada


Book Description

This Financial System Stability Assessment paper discusses that Canada has enjoyed favorable macroeconomic outcomes over the past decades, and its vibrant financial system continues to grow robustly. However, macrofinancial vulnerabilities—notably, elevated household debt and housing market imbalances—remain substantial, posing financial stability concerns. Various parts of the financial system are directly exposed to the housing market and/or linked through housing finance. The financial system would be able to manage severe macrofinancial shocks. Major deposit-taking institutions would remain resilient, but mortgage insurers would need additional capital in a severe adverse scenario. Housing finance is broadly resilient, notwithstanding some weaknesses in the small non-prime mortgage lending segment. Although banks’ overall capital buffers are adequate, additional required capital for mortgage exposures, along with measures to increase risk-based differentiation in mortgage pricing, would be desirable. This would help ensure adequate through-the cycle buffers, improve mortgage risk-pricing, and limit procyclical effects induced by housing market corrections.




Financial Vulnerability of Canadians with the Lowest Incomes


Book Description

"This infographic uses data from the 2022 Portrait of Canadian Society Survey to examine the impact of rising inflation on the lowest income Canadians. It also uses multiple pre-pandemic data sources to present personal characteristics, family income, net worth levels and poverty rate of Canadians in the bottom income quintile"--Provided by publisher.




Work Interruptions and Financial Vulnerability


Book Description

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to massive work interruptions in Canada and several other countries since mid-March 2020. The resulting economic lockdown has raised concerns about the ability of Canadian families to meet their financial obligations and essential needs. This article focuses on families who rely primarily on earnings - wages and salaries and self-employment income - to maintain their living standards.




The Global Findex Database 2017


Book Description

In 2011 the World Bank—with funding from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation—launched the Global Findex database, the world's most comprehensive data set on how adults save, borrow, make payments, and manage risk. Drawing on survey data collected in collaboration with Gallup, Inc., the Global Findex database covers more than 140 economies around the world. The initial survey round was followed by a second one in 2014 and by a third in 2017. Compiled using nationally representative surveys of more than 150,000 adults age 15 and above in over 140 economies, The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring Financial Inclusion and the Fintech Revolution includes updated indicators on access to and use of formal and informal financial services. It has additional data on the use of financial technology (or fintech), including the use of mobile phones and the Internet to conduct financial transactions. The data reveal opportunities to expand access to financial services among people who do not have an account—the unbanked—as well as to promote greater use of digital financial services among those who do have an account. The Global Findex database has become a mainstay of global efforts to promote financial inclusion. In addition to being widely cited by scholars and development practitioners, Global Findex data are used to track progress toward the World Bank goal of Universal Financial Access by 2020 and the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. The database, the full text of the report, and the underlying country-level data for all figures—along with the questionnaire, the survey methodology, and other relevant materials—are available at www.worldbank.org/globalfindex.




Natural Disaster Hotspots


Book Description

This synthesis summarizes the findings of the Global Natural Disaster Risk Hotspots project. The Hotspots project generated a global disaster risk assessment and a set of more localized or hazard-specific case studies. The synthesis draws primarily from the results of the global assessment. Full details on the data, methods and results of the global analysis can be found in volume one of Natural Disaster Hotspots: A Global Risk Analysis. The case studies are contained in volume two (forthcoming).




Canada


Book Description

This Financial System Stability Assessment paper discusses that Canada has enjoyed favorable macroeconomic outcomes over the past decades, and its vibrant financial system continues to grow robustly. However, macrofinancial vulnerabilities—notably, elevated household debt and housing market imbalances—remain substantial, posing financial stability concerns. Various parts of the financial system are directly exposed to the housing market and/or linked through housing finance. The financial system would be able to manage severe macrofinancial shocks. Major deposit-taking institutions would remain resilient, but mortgage insurers would need additional capital in a severe adverse scenario. Housing finance is broadly resilient, notwithstanding some weaknesses in the small non-prime mortgage lending segment. Although banks’ overall capital buffers are adequate, additional required capital for mortgage exposures, along with measures to increase risk-based differentiation in mortgage pricing, would be desirable. This would help ensure adequate through-the cycle buffers, improve mortgage risk-pricing, and limit procyclical effects induced by housing market corrections.