Lignocellulosics


Book Description

Lignocellulosics: Renewable Feedstock for (Tailored) Functional Materials and Nanotechnology gives a comprehensive overview of recent advances in using lignocellulosic substrates in materials science and nanotechnology. The functionalization and processing of lignocellulosics are described via a number of examples that cover films, gels, sensors, pharmaceutics and energy storage. In addition to the research related to functional cellulose nanomaterials, there has been an increased interest in research on lignin and lignocellulosics. This book explains how utilizing biomaterials as a raw material allows ambitious reconstruction of smart materials that are green and multifunctional. As lignin as a valuable material has gained a lot of attention in the last few years, shifting from purely extraction and fundamental characterization, and now also focusing on the preparation of exciting materials, such as nanoparticles, readers will find this to be a comprehensive resource on the topic. - Provides a detailed description of functional lignocellulosic materials and their properties - Brings together research advances in the areas of chemistry, chemical engineering, physics and materials science - Concentrates on the fundamental properties of lignocellulose - Includes unique coverage of lignin research




Heat Energy Recovery for Industrial Processes and Wastes


Book Description

This book provides new techniques for recovering exhaust heat from gas turbines, natural gas combined cycle power plants, biomass boilers, and waste heat recovery from compost and wastewater treatment plants The book provides modeling for the study and comparison of combined cycle power plants with a heat recovery boiler of three pressure levels with reheating, inserting a technological improvement of solar hybridization and partial regeneration in the gas turbine. It assesses the environmental impacts and economic sustainability associated with these improvements. In addition, it proposes emissions minimization, with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), and emissions treatment with a CO2 capture plant (CCP) and combined cycle power plant. Finally, it provides new insights into heat recovery from compost and exhaust gases recovery from wastewater treatment plants.




Advances in Medical Physics and Healthcare Engineering


Book Description

This book presents research advances in the theory of medical physics and its application in various sectors of biomedical engineering. It gathers best selected research papers presented at International Conference on Advances in Medical Physics and Healthcare Engineering (AMPHE 2020), organized by the Department of Physics (in collaboration with the School of Engineering and Technology) Adamas University, Kolkata, India. The theme of the book is interdisciplinary in nature; it interests students, researchers and faculty members from biomedical engineering, biotechnology, medical physics, life sciences, material science and also from electrical, electronics and mechanical engineering backgrounds nurturing applications in biomedical domain.




Graphene Quantum Dots


Book Description

This book reflects the current status of theoretical and experimental research of graphene based nanostructures, in particular quantum dots, at a level accessible to young researchers, graduate students, experimentalists and theorists. It presents the current state of research of graphene quantum dots, a single or few monolayer thick islands of graphene. It introduces the reader to the electronic and optical properties of graphite, intercalated graphite and graphene, including Dirac fermions, Berry's phase associated with sublattices and valley degeneracy, covers single particle properties of graphene quantum dots, electron-electron interaction, magnetic properties and optical properties of gated graphene nanostructures. The electronic, optical and magnetic properties of the graphene quantum dots as a function of size, shape, type of edge and carrier density are considered. Special attention is paid to the understanding of edges and the emergence of edge states for zigzag edges. Atomistic tight binding and effective mass approaches to single particle calculations are performed. Furthermore, the theoretical and numerical treatment of electron-electron interactions at the mean-field, HF, DFT and configuration-interaction level is described in detail.




Electrospinning of Graphene


Book Description

This book presents electrospinning as a processing technique in the field of graphene research. It brings together the current state of the art of processing, properties, and applications in different fields of science and technology of graphene and derived materials. The book not only discusses the various aspects of electrospun graphene but also covers the limitation and drawbacks of graphene owing to some of its intrinsic properties.




Quantum Dot Photodetectors


Book Description

This book presents a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art quantum dot photodetectors, including device fabrication technologies, optical engineering/manipulation strategies, and emerging photodetectors with building blocks of novel quantum dots (e.g. perovskite) as well as their hybrid structured (e.g. 0D/2D) materials. Semiconductor quantum dots have attracted much attention due to their unique quantum confinement effect, which allows for the facile tuning of optical properties that are promising for next-generation optoelectronic applications. Among these remarkable properties are large absorption coefficient, high photosensitivity, and tunable optical spectrum from ultraviolet/visible to infrared region, all of which are very attractive and favorable for photodetection applications. The book covers both fundamental and frontier research in order to stimulate readers' interests in developing novel ideas for semiconductor photodetectors at the center of future developments in materials science, nanofabrication technology and device commercialization. The book provides a knowledge sharing platform and can be used as a reference for researchers working in the fields of photonics, materials science, and nanodevices.




Zinc Oxide Nanostructures


Book Description

Zinc oxide (ZnO) in its nanostructured form is emerging as a promising material with great potential for the development of many smart electronic devices. This book presents up-to-date information about various synthesis methods to obtain device-quality ZnO nanostructures. It describes both high-temperature (over 100 C) and low-temperature (under




Perovskite Quantum Dots


Book Description

This book addresses perovskite quantum dots, discussing their unique properties, synthesis, and applications in nanoscale optoelectronic and photonic devices, as well as the challenges and possible solutions in the context of device design and the prospects for commercial applications. It particularly focuses on the luminescent properties, which differ from those of the corresponding quantum dots materials, such as multicolor emission, fluorescence narrowing, and tunable and switchable emissions from doped nanostructures. The book first describes the characterization and fabrication of perovskite quantum dots. It also provides detailed methods for analyzing the electrical and optical properties, and demonstrates promising applications of perovskite quantum dots. Furthermore, it presents a series of optoelectronic and photonic devices based on functional perovskite quantum dots, and explains the incorporation of perovskite quantum dots in semiconductor devices and their effect of the performance. It also explores the challenges related to optoelectronic devices, as well as possible strategies to promote their commercialization. As such, this book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in the field of solid-state materials and electronics wanting to gain a better understanding of the characteristics of quantum dots, and the fundamental optoelectronic properties and operation mechanisms of the latest perovskite quantum dot-based devices.




Halide Perovskites


Book Description

Real insight from leading experts in the field into the causes of the unique photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, describing the fundamentals of perovskite materials and device architectures. The authors cover materials research and development, device fabrication and engineering methodologies, as well as current knowledge extending beyond perovskite photovoltaics, such as the novel spin physics and multiferroic properties of this family of materials. Aimed at a better and clearer understanding of the latest developments in the hybrid perovskite field, this is a must-have for material scientists, chemists, physicists and engineers entering or already working in this booming field.




Printed Flexible Sensors


Book Description

This book presents recent advances in the design, fabrication and implementation of flexible printed sensors. It explores a range of materials for developing the electrode and substrate parts of the sensors, on the basis of their electrical and mechanical characteristics. The sensors were processed using laser cutting and 3D printing techniques, and the sensors developed were employed in a number of healthcare, environmental and industrial applications, including: monitoring of physiological movements, respiration, salinity and nitrate measurement, and tactile sensing. The type of sensor selected for each application depended on its dimensions, robustness and sensitivity. The sensors fabricated were also embedded in an IoT-based system, allowing them to be integrated into real-time applications.