Africa from the Sixteenth to the Eighteenth Century


Book Description

The result of years of work by scholars from all over the world, The UNESCO General History of Africa reflects how the different peoples of Africa view their civilizations and shows the historical relationships between the various parts of the continent. Historical connections with other continents demonstrate Africa's contribution to the development of human civilization. Each volume is lavishly illustrated and contains a comprehensive bibliography. This fifth volume of the acclaimed series covers the history of the continent from the beginning of the sixteenth century to the close of the eighteenth century in which two themes emerge: first, the continuing internal evolution of the states and cultures of Africa during this period second, the increasing involvement of Africa in external trade--with major but unforeseen consequences for the whole world. In North Africa, we see the Ottomans conquer Egypt. South of the Sahara, some of the larger, older states collapse, and new power bases emerge. Traditional religions continue to coexist with both Christianity (suffering setbacks) and Islam (in the ascendancy). Along the coast, particularly of West Africa, Europeans establish a trading network which, with the development of New World plantation agriculture, becomes the focus of the international slave trade. The immediate consequences of this trade for Africa are explored, and it is argued that the long-term global consequences include the foundation of the present world-economy with all its built-in inequalities.




Practice Makes Perfect Complete French Grammar


Book Description

Build your confidence in your French skills with practice, practice, practice! From present tense regular verbs to double object pronouns, this comprehensive guide and workbook covers all those aspects of French grammar that you might find a little intimidating or hard to remember. Practice Makes Perfect: Complete French Grammar focuses on the practical aspects of French as it's really spoken, so you are not bogged down by unnecessary technicalities. Each unit features crystal-clear explanations, numerous realistic examples, and dozens of engaging exercises in a variety of formats--including multiple choice, fill-in sentences and passages, sentence rewrites, and creative writing--perfect for whatever your learning style. Whenever possible, explanations include comparisons you to understand the basic logic behind the rules and to remember correct usage. This new edition includes: Time-saving vocabulary panels that eliminate having to look words up Advice on how to avoid common mistakes A detailed answer key for quick, easy progress checks Offering a winning formula for getting a handle on French grammar right away, Practice Makes Perfect: Complete French Grammar your ultimate resource for learning to speak French the way the native speakers do.




Smaller, Quicker, Cheaper


Book Description

The effective use of educational assessments is fundamental to improving learning. However, effective use does not refer only to the technical parameters or statistical methodologies. Learning assessments in use todaywhether large-scale or household surveys or hybrid (smaller, quicker, cheaper or SQC)have varied uses and purposes. The present volume provides a review of learning assessments, their status in terms of the empirical knowledge base, and some new ideas for improving their effectiveness, particularly for those children most in need. It is argued here that SQC learning assessments have the potential to enhance educational accountability, increase transparency, and support a greater engagement of stakeholders with an interest in improving learning. In addition, countries need a sustained policy to guide assessment choices, including a focus on poor and marginalized populations.




Africa Since 1935


Book Description

The hardcover edition of volume 8 was published in 1994. This paperback edition is the eighth and final volume to be published in the UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume 8 examines the period from 1935 to the present, and details the role of African states in the Second World War and the rise of postwar Africa. This is one of the most important books in the entire series, and as such, it is an unabridged paperback.




Trading Places


Book Description

Dobie explores the place of the colonial world in the culture of the French Enlightenment, tracing the displacement of colonial questions onto two familiar aspects of Enlightenment thought: Orientalism and fascination with Amerindian cultures.




UNESCO General History of Africa, Vol. I, Abridged Edition


Book Description

"This volume covers the period from the end of the Neolithic era to the beginning of the seventh century of our era. This lengthy period includes the civilization of Ancient Egypt, the history of Nubia, Ethiopia, North Africa and the Sahara, as well as of the other regions of the continent and its islands."--Publisher's description




Practice Makes Perfect: Complete French Grammar, Premium Fourth Edition


Book Description

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Build your confidence in communicating through mastery of French grammar Effective communication in another language comes from practice, practice, practice. And this comprehensive guide and workbook covers all of the aspects of French grammar that you need to master, followed by numerous exercises that allow you to put your language skills into use. Focused on the practical aspects of French as it’s really spoken, each chapter of Practice Makes Perfect: Complete French Grammar features clear explanations and numerous realistic examples. Dozens of varied exercises will build your understanding of the French language, while new vocabulary is introduced within the exercises and in convenient Vocabulaire panels. This premium fourth edition is accompanied by audio recordings and flashcards, available online and via app, that will provide a new dimension and flexibility to your study. Practice Makes Perfect: Complete French Grammar provides: • Clear explanations that make even the most complex principles easy to understand • More than 350 varied exercises with detailed answer key • Example sentences that illustrate and clarify each grammatical point • Practical, high-frequency vocabulary throughout • Streaming audio of the answers to more than 200 exercises, via app and online • NEW to this edition: native-speaker recordings of hundreds of model sentences and key verb conjugations




Recherche Littéraire / Literary Research


Book Description

As the annual peer-reviewed publication of the International Comparative Literature Association (ICLA), Recherche littéraire / Literary Research is an Open Access journal published by Peter Lang. Its mission is to inform comparative literature scholars worldwide of recent contributions to the field. To that end, it publishes scholarly essays, review essays discussing recent research developments in particular sub-fields of the discipline, as well as reviews of books on comparative topics. Scholarly essays are submitted to a double-blind peer review. Submissions by early-career comparative literature scholars are strongly encouraged. En tant que publication annuelle de l'Association internationale de littérature comparée (AILC), Recherche littéraire / Literary Research est une revue expertisée par des pair·e·s et publiée par Peter Lang en libre accès voie dorée. Elle vise à faire connaître aux comparatistes du monde entier les développements récents de la discipline. Dans ce but, la revue publie des articles de recherche scientifique, des essais critiques dressant l'état des lieux d'un domaine particulier de la littérature comparée, ainsi que des comptes rendus de livres sur des sujets comparatistes. Les articles de recherche sont soumis à une évaluation par des pair·e·s en double anonyme. Des soumissions par de jeunes chercheuses et chercheurs en littérature comparée sont fortement encouragées.




The Spirits and the Law


Book Description

Vodou has often served as a scapegoat for Haiti’s problems, from political upheavals to natural disasters. This tradition of scapegoating stretches back to the nation’s founding and forms part of a contest over the legitimacy of the religion, both beyond and within Haiti’s borders. The Spirits and the Law examines that vexed history, asking why, from 1835 to 1987, Haiti banned many popular ritual practices. To find out, Kate Ramsey begins with the Haitian Revolution and its aftermath. Fearful of an independent black nation inspiring similar revolts, the United States, France, and the rest of Europe ostracized Haiti. Successive Haitian governments, seeking to counter the image of Haiti as primitive as well as contain popular organization and leadership, outlawed “spells” and, later, “superstitious practices.” While not often strictly enforced, these laws were at times the basis for attacks on Vodou by the Haitian state, the Catholic Church, and occupying U.S. forces. Beyond such offensives, Ramsey argues that in prohibiting practices considered essential for maintaining relations with the spirits, anti-Vodou laws reinforced the political marginalization, social stigmatization, and economic exploitation of the Haitian majority. At the same time, she examines the ways communities across Haiti evaded, subverted, redirected, and shaped enforcement of the laws. Analyzing the long genealogy of anti-Vodou rhetoric, Ramsey thoroughly dissects claims that the religion has impeded Haiti’s development.