Increasing Cold Weather Masonry Construction Productivity


Book Description

The thermal protection requirements for cold weather masonry, as established in current industry specifications, were evaluated. Experiments were conducted to define the most relevant factors in the process of freezing of newly placed mortar. The effect of unit absorption on the moisture content of mortar during the first hours after assembly was assessed. Correlations of moisture content with time were developed for mortar in contact with masonry units. Frost immunity thresholds in terms of mortar moisture content and in terms of maturity were determined. The test results provided the basis for new proposed guidance on when fresh mortar can be safely exposed to freezing temperatures. Test methods for evaluation of the freeze thaw resistance of masonry units were evaluated. A new test was proposed and adopted by ASTM as a new standard test for the freeze thaw testing of masonry units. In addition, several chemicals were evaluated for their potential as antifreeze admixtures for masonry mortar. Antifreeze admixtures were first developed for use in concrete, but the practicality of using antifreeze admixtures in masonry mortars was demonstrated in a field application in Michigan during the winter.
















Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls


Book Description

The first book to provide a detailed overview of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Walls Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls deploy horizontal layers of closely spaced tensile inclusion in the fill material to achieve stability of a soil mass. GRS walls are more adaptable to different environmental conditions, more economical, and offer high performance in a wide range of transportation infrastructure applications. This book addresses both GRS and GMSE, with a much stronger emphasis on the former. For completeness, it begins with a review of shear strength of soils and classical earth pressure theories. It then goes on to examine the use of geosynthetics as reinforcement, and followed by the load-deformation behavior of GRS mass as a soil-geosynthetic composite, reinforcing mechanisms of GRS, and GRS walls with different types of facing. Finally, the book finishes by covering design concepts with design examples for different loading and geometric conditions, and the construction of GRS walls, including typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines. The number of GRS walls and abutments built to date is relatively low due to lack of understanding of GRS. While failure rate of GMSE has been estimated to be around 5%, failure of GRS has been found to be practically nil, with studies suggesting many advantages, including a smaller susceptibility to long-term creep and stronger resistance to seismic loads when well-compacted granular fill is employed. Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls will serve as an excellent guide or reference for wall projects such as transportation infrastructure—including roadways, bridges, retaining walls, and earth slopes—that are in dire need of repair and replacement in the U.S. and abroad. Covers both GRS and GMSE (MSE with geosynthetics as reinforcement); with much greater emphasis on GRS walls Showcases reinforcing mechanisms, engineering behavior, and design concepts of GRS and includes many step-by-step design examples Features information on typical construction procedures and general construction guidelines Includes hundreds of line drawings and photos Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil (GRS) Walls is an important book for practicing geotechnical engineers and structural engineers, as well as for advanced students of civil, structural, and geotechnical engineering.




Concrete and Masonry Databook


Book Description

Concise answers to all your questions about concrete and masonry It's all here: the concrete and masonry information you need to work more efficiently, avoid costly problems and mistakes, minimize risk, reduce waste ... and maximize profits! Industry experts Christine Beall and Rochelle Jaffe save you countless hours of searching through dozens of manuals or esoteric pamphlets, presenting the data in a quick-find, straightforward, heavily illustrated format. You get fingertip access to valuable practice tools and job-simplifying material, including more than 1000 tables, charts, graphs, and line drawings ... guidance on thermal, fire, and weather resistance ... current ASTM, ACI, and TMS standards ... UBC, MSJC, and IBC code requirements ... essential concrete and masonry data ... listings of industry standards. You can count on thorough, detailed coverage of key topics, including: products and materials; mortar, grout, and concrete mixes; form work and reinforcements; site and landscape.




Soil Strength and Slope Stability


Book Description

The definitive guide to the critical issue of slope stability and safety Soil Strength and Slope Stability, Second Edition presents the latest thinking and techniques in the assessment of natural and man-made slopes, and the factors that cause them to survive or crumble. Using clear, concise language and practical examples, the book explains the practical aspects of geotechnical engineering as applied to slopes and embankments. The new second edition includes a thorough discussion on the use of analysis software, providing the background to understand what the software is doing, along with several methods of manual analysis that allow readers to verify software results. The book also includes a new case study about Hurricane Katrina failures at 17th Street and London Avenue Canal, plus additional case studies that frame the principles and techniques described. Slope stability is a critical element of geotechnical engineering, involved in virtually every civil engineering project, especially highway development. Soil Strength and Slope Stability fills the gap in industry literature by providing practical information on the subject without including extraneous theory that may distract from the application. This balanced approach provides clear guidance for professionals in the field, while remaining comprehensive enough for use as a graduate-level text. Topics include: Mechanics of soil and limit equilibrium procedures Analyzing slope stability, rapid drawdown, and partial consolidation Safety, reliability, and stability analyses Reinforced slopes, stabilization, and repair The book also describes examples and causes of slope failure and stability conditions for analysis, and includes an appendix of slope stability charts. Given how vital slope stability is to public safety, a comprehensive resource for analysis and practical action is a valuable tool. Soil Strength and Slope Stability is the definitive guide to the subject, proving useful both in the classroom and in the field.




Masonry and Concrete


Book Description

The only all-inclusive, accessible reference for all aspects of building with masonry and concrete for residential purposes - ideal for residential builders, contractors, remodelers, and other professionalsPart of the Complete Construction Series, this design-it, specify-it, and build-it source aids decision-making and construction performance by illustrating and explaining the function and behavior of each materialProvides problem-avoiding insights into installation, construction, storage, and cleaning techniques - filled with tables, graphs, and over 100 illustrations