Impact of Depth of Open Cast Coal Mine on Dust Dispersion


Book Description

Dust pollution due to mining activities is drawing greater attention as the awareness in the society is increasing about the environmental issues. Dust pollution is generally characterised by suspended particulate matter. Suspended particulate matter (SPM) generated from the different mining operations in a mine is a serious threat to the health of manpower as well as to the local community. Air pollution is one of the common environmental problems as faced by the management of surface mines. Due to demand to increase the production of the mineral and coal, there is a requirement to increase the capacity of the working machineries or use the high capacity heavy earth moving machineries. This leads to generation of more SPM which is likely to affect the environment severely. It has been assessed (Gautam et al., 2012) that surface mine has been responsible for creating more impact on surrounding environment as compared to underground mining methods in the same area. In every surface mining method, starting from the surface of the earth till reaching to the ore deposit or coal seam, all activities are performed in open atmosphere which leads to higher degradation of the environment. In underground mining, all major activities are carried out beneath the earth surface and nothing is exposed to the surface environment and consecutively deterioration of the environment is very less in comparison to that of by surface mining methods. Dust is generated during all phases of exploitation and processing of mineral from fugitive sources in surface mines such as shovelling, ripping, drilling, blasting, transport, crushing, grinding, screening, and stockpiling etc. Health impacts from dust emissions are related to the main components of dust (silica, silicates, carbonates), as well as to rock impurities and trace components (asbestos etc.), those can cause serious diseases like pneumoconiosis, silicosis, asbestosis etc. (IFC, 2006). Surface minerals extraction and processing operations can generate large quantities of fugitive dust that, when released in an uncontrolled manner, can cause widespread nuisance and potential health concerns for on-site personnel and surrounding communities. Typical fugitive dust emission sources may include minerals transfer points, conveyance, loading into crusher feed bins, haulage and blasting (Appleton et al., 2006). Vehicular traffic on unpaved haul roads of the opencast mines has been identified as the most prolific source of fugitive dust (Sinha et al., 1997). Excessive dust generation from such haul roads is a problem common to most surface mining operations especially in semi-arid and arid areas.




Mining Haul Roads


Book Description

Mining haul roads are a critical component of surface mining infrastructure and the performance of these roads has a direct impact on operational efficiency, costs and safety. A significant proportion of a mine’s cost is associated with material haulage and well-designed and managed roads contribute directly to reductions in cycle times, fuel burn, tyre costs and overall cost per tonne hauled and critically, underpin a safe transport system. The first comprehensive treatise on mining haul road design, construction, operation and management, Mining Haul Roads – Theory and Practice presents an authoritative compendium of worldwide experience and state-of-the-art practices developed and applied over the last 25 years by the three authors, over three continents and many of the world’s leading surface mining operations. In this book, the authors: Introduce the four design components of an integrated design methodology for mining haul roads – geometric (including drainage), structural, functional and maintenance management Illustrate how mine planning constraints inform road design requirements Develop the analytical framework for each of the design components from their theoretical basis, and using typical mine-site applications, illustrate how site-specific design guidelines are developed, together with their practical implementation Summarise the key road safety and geometric design considerations specific to mining haul roads Specify the mechanistic structural design approach unique to ultra-heavy wheel loading associated with OTR mine trucks Describe the selection, application and management of the road wearing course material, together with its rehabilitation, including the use of palliatives Develop road and operating cost models for estimating total road-user costs, based on road rolling resistance measurement and modelling techniques Illustrate the approach of costing a mining road construction project based on the design methodologies previously introduced List and describe future trends in mine haulage system development, how mining haul road design will evolve to meet these new system challenges and how the increasing availability of data is used to manage road performance and ultimately provide 24x7 trafficability. Mining Haul Roads – Theory and Practice is a complete practical reference for mining operations, contractors and mine planners alike, as well as civil engineering practitioners and consulting engineers. It will also be invaluable in other fields of transportation infrastructure provision and for those seeking to learn and apply the state-of-the-art in mining haul roads. “This book is the most definitive treatise on mining haul roads ever written [...] There has never been a text that addresses the many facets of mining haul roads on such a scope [...]” From the Foreword by Jim Humphrey, Professional Engineer, Autonomous haulage systems developer and Distinguished Member of the Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration.










FWS/OBS.


Book Description