Fundamental Aspects of ELECTROCRYSTALLIZATION


Book Description

This monograph is an attempt to present in a concise manner those aspects of the electrolytic growth of crystals considered to be of basic mechanistic significance. The accent has been put consistently on the understanding of the physical models of the processes discussed. Out of the extensive amount of information in this field, the authors have tried to abstract those systems which can be considered central, and which can, therefore, be related to the basic concepts connected with the electrodeposition of metals. In particular, stress has been laid upon consideration of atomic movements -of ions and molecules in solution, of adsorbed substances on the surface of metals, of steps on a growing crystal. Although the main stress is upon the physical picture, a number of derivations have been presented in detail. It is assumed that the reader is familiar to some degree with the concepts of electrodics; in particular, frequent reference is made to models of the electrical double layer at the metal solution interface and the transfer of charged species across it.




Fundamental Aspects of Electrometallurgy


Book Description

This title begins with a thorough background to the subject. Next, the authors discuss the significance of electrometallurgy within the broader spectrum of science and technology. They then expand the previously laid theoretical base and explain mechanisms of metal deposition and applications for all existing related technologies.; The book should be of interest to undergraduate and graduate students involved with electrochemistry of metals, materials science, plating technologies, electronics materials and other fields. Scientists and engineers working in a variety of industries in addition to electrometallurgical process plants will find it an invaluable reference as it provides a thorough background of electrometallurgy, then explores the more advanced mechanisms of metal deposition in a logical manner.







Electrocrystallization


Book Description

“Electrocrystallization is a particular case of a first order phase transition” and “Electrocrystallization is a particular case of electrochemical kinetics” are two statements that I have heard and read many times. I do not like them for a simple reason: it is annoying to see that the subject to which you have devoted more than 30 years of your life may be considered as a “particular case”. Therefore, I decided to write this book in which Electrocrystallization is the main subject. To become competent in the field of Electrocrystallization one should possess knowledge of Electrochemistry, Nucleation and Crystal Growth, which means knowledge of Physical Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics. That is certainly difficult and in most cases those who study Electrocrystallization are either more electrochemists, or more physical chemists, or more physicists, very often depending on whom has been their teacher. Of course, there are scientists who consider themselves equally good in all those fields. Very frequently they are, unfortunately, equally bad. The difference is essential but strange enough, it is sometimes not easy to realize the truth immediately.







Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition


Book Description

Excellent teaching and resource material . . . it is concise, coherently structured, and easy to read . . . highly recommended for students, engineers, and researchers in all related fields." -Corrosion on the First Edition of Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition From computer hardware to automobiles, medical diagnostics to aerospace, electrochemical deposition plays a crucial role in an array of key industries. Fundamentals of Electrochemical Deposition, Second Edition is a comprehensive introduction to one of today's most exciting and rapidly evolving fields of practical knowledge. The most authoritative introduction to the field so far, the book presents detailed coverage of the full range of electrochemical deposition processes and technologies, including: * Metal-solution interphase * Charge transfer across an interphase * Formation of an equilibrium electrode potential * Nucleation and growth of thin films * Kinetics and mechanisms of electrodeposition * Electroless deposition * In situ characterization of deposition processes * Structure and properties of deposits * Multilayered and composite thin films * Interdiffusion in thin film * Applications in the semiconductor industry and the field of medicine This new edition updates the prior edition to address the new developments in the science and its applications, with new chapters on innovative applications of electrochemical deposition in semiconductor technology, magnetism and microelectronics, and medical instrumentation. Added coverage includes such topics as binding energy, nanoclusters, atomic force, and scanning tunneling microscopy.Example problems at the end of chapters and other features clarify and improve understanding of the material. Written by an author team with extensive experience in both industry and academe, this reference and text provides a well-rounded introduction to the field for students, as well as a means for professional chemists, engineers, and technicians to expand and sharpen their skills in using the technology.







Electrochemistry in Transition


Book Description

This book originated out of the papers presented at the special symposium, "Electrochemistry in Transition-From the 20th to the 21st Century," scheduled by the Division of Colloid and Surface Science during the American Chemical Society meeting in Toronto. The symposium was in honor of Professor J. O'M. Bockris, who received the ACS award on "The Chemistry of Contemporary Technological Problems" (sponsored by Mobay Corporation) during this meeting and who also reached his 65th birthday in the same year. The symposium was of a multidisciplinary nature and encompassed the fields of theoretical and experimental elec trochemistry, surface science, spectroscopy, and electrochemical technology. The symposium also had an international flavor in that the participants represented several countries Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, England, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Poland, Switzer land, Venezuela, Yugoslavia, and the United States. The symposium was graciously sponsored by the ACS (Petroleum Research Fund and Division of Colloid and Surface Science), Alcan International, Dow Chemical Company, EG&G, Electrolyzer Corporation, Exxon, General Electric Company, IBM, Institute of Gas Technology, International Association of Hydrogen Energy, Johnson Matthey, Inc. , Kerr-McGee Corporation, Medtronics, and Texas A&M University (Center for Electrochemical Systems and Hydrogen Research and the Hampton Robinson Fund). The "theme" of the papers presented at the symposium covered not only significant contributions made to electrochemistry in the twentieth century, but also "New Horizons in Electrochemistry" for the twenty-first century. Thus, the scientists who presented papers were invited to contribute chapters to this book, having the same titles as the symposium.




Modern Crystallography III


Book Description

Early in this century, the newly discovered x-ray diffraction by crystals made a complete change in crystallography and in the whole science of the atomic structure of matter, thus giving a new impetus to the development of solid-state physics. Crystallographic methods, pri marily x-ray diffraction analysis, penetrated into materials sciences, mol ecular physics, and chemistry, and also into many other branches of science. Later, electron and neutron diffraction structure analyses be came important since they not only complement x-ray data, but also supply new information on the atomic and the real structure of crystals. Electron microscopy and other modern methods of investigating mat ter-optical, electronic paramagnetic, nuclear magnetic, and other res onance techniques-yield a large amount of information on the atomic, electronic, and real crystal structures. Crystal physics has also undergone vigorous development. Many re markable phenomena have been discovered in crystals and then found various practical applications. Other important factors promoting the development of crystallog raphy were the elaboration of the theory of crystal growth (which brought crystallography closer to thermodynamics and physical chem istry) and the development of the various methods of growing synthetic crystals dictated by practical needs. Man-made crystals became increas ingly important for physical investigations, and they rapidly invaded technology. The production . of synthetic crystals made a tremendous impact on the traditional branches: the mechanical treatment of mate rials, precision instrument making, and the jewelry industry.




Comprehensive Treatise of Electrochemistry


Book Description

It is now time for a comprehensive treatise to look at the whole field of electrochemistry. The present treatise was conceived in 1974, and the earliest invitations to authors for contributions were made in 1975. The completion of the early volumes has been delayed by various factors. There has been no attempt to make each article emphasize the most recent situation at the expense of an overall statement of the modern view. This treatise is not a collection of articles from Recent Advances in Electrochemistry or Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry. It is an attempt at making a mature statement about the present position in the vast area of what is best looked at as a new interdisciplinary field. Texas A & M University J. O'M. Bockris University of Ottawa B. E. Conway Case Western Reserve University Ernest Yeager & M University Texas A Ralph E. White Preface to Volume 2 This volume brings together some dozen processes well known to the electro chemist and treats them according to their various degrees of importance. The production of hydrogen is one of the more important processes, particularly with respect to the prospects of a hydrogen economy. No one would doubt, however, that the most commercially important electrochemical processes at the present time are the production of aluminum and of chlorine. Each of these processes has a separate chapter devoted to it.