Metal Shaping Processes


Book Description

As the only comprehensive text focusing on metal shaping processes, which are still the most widely used processes in the manufacture of products and structures, Metal Shaping Processes carefully presents the fundamentals of metal shaping processes with their relevant applications. The treatment of the subject matter is adequately descriptive for those unfamiliar with the various processes and yet is sufficiently analytical for an introductory academic course in manufacturing. The text, as well as the numerous formulas and illustrations in each chapter, clearly show that shaping processes, as a part of manufacturing engineering, are a complex and interdisciplinary subject. The topics are organized and presented in such a manner that they motivate and challenge students to present technically and economically viable solutions to a wide variety of questions and problems, including product design. It is the perfect textbook for students in mechanical, industrial, and manufacturing engineering programs at both the Associate Degree and Bachelor Degree programs, as well a valuable reference for manufacturing engineers (those who design, execute and maintain the equipment and tools); process engineers (those who plan and engineer the manufacturing steps, equipment, and tooling needed in production); manufacturing managers and supervisors; product design engineers; and maintenance and reliability managers and technicians. Each chapter begins with a brief highlighted outline of the topics to be described. Carefully presents the fundamentals of the particular metal-shaping process with its relevant applications within each chapter, so that the student and teacher can clearly assess the capabilities, limitation, and potentials of the process and its competitive aspects. Features sections on product design considerations, which present guidelines on design for manufacturing in many of the chapters. Offers practical, understandable explanations, even for complex processes. Includes text entries that are coded as in an outline, with these numerical designations carried over the 320 related illustrations for easy cross-referencing. Provides a dual (ISO and USA) unit system. Contains end-of-chapter Review Questions. Includes a chapter on sheet metalworking covering cutting processes; bending process; tubes and pipe bending; deep drawing processes; other sheet metal forming process (stretch forming, spinning, rubber forming, and superplatic forming and diffusion bonding). Provides a useful die classification with 15 illustrations and description; presses for sheet metalworking; and high energy-rate forming processes. A chapter on nontraditional manufacturing process discusses such important processes as mechanical energy processes (ultrasonic machining, water jet cutting); electrochemical machining processes (electrochemical machining, electrochemical grinding); thermal energy processes (electric discharge processes, laser beam machining, electron beam machining); and chemical processes (chemical milling).




Unit Manufacturing Processes


Book Description

Manufacturing, reduced to its simplest form, involves the sequencing of product forms through a number of different processes. Each individual step, known as an unit manufacturing process, can be viewed as the fundamental building block of a nation's manufacturing capability. A committee of the National Research Council has prepared a report to help define national priorities for research in unit processes. It contains an organizing framework for unit process families, criteria for determining the criticality of a process or manufacturing technology, examples of research opportunities, and a prioritized list of enabling technologies that can lead to the manufacture of products of superior quality at competitive costs. The study was performed under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation and the Defense Department's Manufacturing Technology Program.




Metal Forming


Book Description

Briefly reviews the basic principles of metal forming but major emphasis is on the latest developments in the design of metal-forming operations and tooling. Discusses the position of metal forming in manufacturing and considers a metal-forming process as a system consisting of several interacting variables. Includes an overall review and classification of all metal-forming processes. The fundamentals of plastic deformation - metal flow, flow stress of metals and yield criteria - are discussed, as are significant practical variables of metal- forming processes such as friction, temperatures and forming machines and their characteristics. Examines approximate methods of analyzing simple forming operations, then looks at massive forming processes such as closed-die forging, hot extrusion, cold forging/ extrusion, rolling and drawing (discussion includes the prediction of stresses and load in each process and applications of computer-aided techniques). Recent developments in metal-forming technology, including CAD/CAM for die design and manufacture, are discussed, and a review of the latest trends in metal flow analysis and simulations.




Metal Deformation Processing


Book Description

As part of the Metalworking Process and Equipment Program, a survey was conducted to collect and summarize information on deformation characteristics of metals and their effect on processing operations. This report presents information obtained from reports on Governmentsponsored work and from articles in technical publications. The report covers eight subjects: extrusion, forging, rolling, thermal mechanical variables affecting the properties of refractory metals and alloys, development of preferred orientations, anisotropy of strength and ductility, high-strain-rate deformation, and strain aging. In order to be useful to engineering students and production engineers the topics are treated in two ways. Generalized discussions of common processes point out why specific variables must be modified in order to deform certain types of metals satisfactorily. When practical, data on the more-difficultto-form metals are used to illustrate the principles, limitations, and effects of the processes. The objective is to help the non-specialist recognize the implications of specific findings and to apply them to specific operations. (Author).




Fundamentals and Engineering of Severe Plastic Deformation


Book Description

Recent extensive activity on severe plastic deformation (SPD) as a new materials processing technology has generated vast experimental and analytical amounts of information. However, there is still a strong need for a multidisciplinary understanding of SPD. This book consists of in-depth analyses of the fundamentals and engineering of SPD on processing mechanics, the micro-mechanics of plastic deformation and the physics of the structure-properties relationship. This book bridges the gap between existing approaches, resolves certain controversies, and provides a united description of SPD at different scales.




4090 Sheet Metal / HVAC Pro Calc Calculator


Book Description

The Sheet Metal/HVAC Pro Calc is a versatile calculator that enables tradesmen to calculate complex problems with dedicated key functions that are labeled in standard industry terms. The calculator has other advanced built-in construction-math functions to enable HVAC and sheet metal tradesmen to do their work alongside other trades. In addition to the built-in functions, this calculator can handle order of operation, using the parenthesis operators. It can also perform square, cube, square root, and cube root calculations. Plus, it works as a regular calculator with typical symbols. The calculator can be used to determine ArcK constant for convenient Arc length solutions. And it has an offset functions for "S-shaped" bends in ductwork. It can also help solve the layout for wrapper length, centerline radius, and the angle. Features CUSTOM HVAC & SHEET METAL functions let you simplify Test and Balance (TAB) with built-in Fan Law function: CFM, RPM, SP and BHP; velocity and velocity pressure: FPM, VP, MPS, KPa; ArcK constant for convenient Arc length solutions; and offset functions FUNCTIONS AND TERMINOLOGY consistent with sheet metal and HVAC trade terminology; x, y, r (radius), theta and Seg Radius functions; works in and converts between feet-inch-fractions, decimal feet and inches and metric also converts between polar and rectangular coordinates PARENTHESIS OPERATORS allows you to easily enter complex formulas; order of operations calculations retain familiar mathematical hierarchy as a default preference; trigonometric operation and sequence; and you can calculate square, square root, cube, and cube root; easy non-90 triangles and right-angle solutions for ductwork length and angles MEMORY STORAGE conveniently stores frequently used constants or interim solutions; Memory swap lets you easily insert stored values into current calculations and simultaneously store calculated values while recalling and displaying Memory contents; other settable User Preferences INVALUABLE TRADE TOOL PAYS FOR ITSELF by reducing headaches, saving time, and preventing expensive material errors on all your projects. Comes with a rugged shock, dust and moisture-resistant Armadillo Gear protective case, quick reference guide and complete user's guide, a long-life battery, and a one-year limited warranty.




Severe Plastic Deformation


Book Description

Severe Plastic Deformation: Methods, Processing and Properties examines all severe plastic deformation techniques developed over the past two decades, exploring the appropriate severe plastic deformation method for a particular case. The book offers an overview of these methods, introduces ultrafine-grained and nano-grained metals and methods for various bulk, sheet, tubular and large size samples, reviews effective parameters to make a severe plastic deformation method better, from property (mechanical) and processing (cost, time, load, etc.) viewpoints, discusses mechanical, physical and chemical properties of UFG and NS metals, and concludes with various applications for these methods. Over the last several decades, a large number of severe plastic deformation methods have been developed for processing a wide array of metals for superior properties, making this a timely resource. - Collects all severe plastic deformation methods in a unique reference - Compares severe plastic deformation methods from several viewpoints, including processing and final property - Classifies severe plastic deformation methods based on the sample shape and mechanics, as well as the properties achieved in the processed metal - Introduces ultrafine-grained and nano-grained metals and methods for various bulk, sheet, tubular and large size samples




Hot Deformation and Processing of Aluminum Alloys


Book Description

A comprehensive treatise on the hot working of aluminum and its alloys, Hot Deformation and Processing of Aluminum Alloys details the possible microstructural developments that can occur with hot deformation of various alloys, as well as the kind of mechanical properties that can be anticipated. The authors take great care to explain and differentiate hot working in the context of other elevated temperature phenomena, such as creep, superplasticity, cold working, and annealing. They also pay particular attention to the fundamental mechanisms of aluminum plasticity at hot working temperatures. Using extensive analysis derived from polarized light optical microscopy (POM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron-microscopy with electron backscatter imaging (SEM-EBSD), and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM), the authors examine those microstructures that evolve in torsion, compression, extrusion, and rolling. Further microstructural analysis leads to detailed explanations of dynamic recovery (DRV), static recovery (SRV), discontinuous dynamic recrystallization (dDRX), discontinuous static recrystallization (dSRX), grain defining dynamic recovery (gDRV) (formerly geometric dynamic recrystallization, or gDRX), and continuous dynamic recrystallization involving both a single phase (cDRX/1-phase) and multiple phases (cDRX/2-phase). A companion to other works that focus on modeling, manufacturing involving plastic and superplastic deformation, and control of texture and phase transformations, this book provides thorough explanations of microstructural development to lay the foundation for further study of the mechanisms of thermomechanical processes and their application.




Fundamentals of Metal-Matrix Composites


Book Description

`Metal-Matrix Composites' are being used or considered for use in a variety of applications in the automotive, aerospace and sporting goods industries. This book contains sixteen chapters, all written by leading experts in the filed, which focus on the processing, microstructure and characterization, mechanics and micromechanics of deformation, mechanics and micromechanics of damage and fracture, and practical applications of a wide variety of metal composites.A particularly noteworthy feature of this authoritative volume is its collection of state-of-the-art reviews of the relationships among processing, microstructural evolution, micromechanics of deformation and overall mechanical response.




Advances in Wrought Magnesium Alloys


Book Description

This important book summarises the wealth of recent research on our understanding of process-property relationships in wrought magnesium alloys and the way this understanding can be used to develop a new generation of alloys for high-performance applications.After an introductory overview of current developments in wrought magnesium alloys, part one reviews fundamental aspects of deformation behaviour. These chapters are the building blocks for the optimisation of processing steps covered in part two, which discusses casting, extrusion, rolling and forging technologies. The concluding chapters cover applications of wrought magnesium alloys in automotive and biomedical engineering.With its distinguished editors, and drawing on the work of leading experts in the field, Advances in wrought magnesium alloys is a standard reference for those researching, manufacturing and using these alloys. - Summarises recent research on our understanding of process-property relationships in wrought magnesium alloys - Discusses the way this understanding can be used to develop a new generation of alloys for high-performance applications - Reviews casting, extrusion, rolling and forging technologies, fundamental aspects of deformation behaviour, and applications of wrought magnesium alloys in automotive and biomedical engineering