Future of Liner Conferences in View of Increasing Competition and Government Supervision
Author : Hans Jakob Kruse
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 18,41 MB
Release : 1990
Category : Management
ISBN :
Author : Hans Jakob Kruse
Publisher :
Page : pages
File Size : 18,41 MB
Release : 1990
Category : Management
ISBN :
Author : United Nations Conference on Trade and Development. Secretariat
Publisher :
Page : 44 pages
File Size : 27,86 MB
Release : 1972
Category : Maritime law
ISBN :
Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means
Publisher :
Page : 148 pages
File Size : 13,61 MB
Release : 1980
Category : Government publications
ISBN :
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 33 pages
File Size : 44,96 MB
Release : 1972
Category :
ISBN :
Author : Hongyan Liu
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
Page : 329 pages
File Size : 46,97 MB
Release : 2009-09-24
Category : Law
ISBN : 3642038751
A liner conference, as a self-regulation organisational form of liner shipping companies, constitutes a typical "hard-core cartel" with significant anti-competitive effect. One of the main three trade routes of liner shipping traffic is the Europe-Asia Trade, on the two ends of which both the European Community (EC) and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) play important roles in the international liner shipping market. However, the competition regimes on liner conferences in both jurisdictions are not equivalent. From a comparative point of view, this book reviews the historical development of maritime policy and regulatory legislation in the EC and the PRC, catches insight into the system of regulation regime and individual provisions in substantive and procedural meaning, and finally provides a wide-ranging perspective on the future competition regulation in respect of the latest developments in both jurisdictions.
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation
Publisher :
Page : 1340 pages
File Size : 11,15 MB
Release : 1937
Category : Ocean thermal power plants
ISBN :
Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Subcommittee on Merchant Marine and Tourism
Publisher :
Page : 720 pages
File Size : 16,4 MB
Release : 1980
Category : Maritime law
ISBN :
Author : Luis Ortiz Blanco
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
Page : 698 pages
File Size : 10,20 MB
Release : 2007-06-26
Category : Law
ISBN : 1847313655
Liner conferences are among the oldest surviving cartels in the world. Created in the 1870s they have existed since on all the world's shipping routes. With the approval or tacit acquiescence of governments everywhere, they fix freight rates, control capacity and share markets. The United Nations Code of Conduct for Liner Conferences (1974) granted them global recognition and prompted the European Community to recommend Member States to join the Convention on the Liner Code (1979) and to grant them the most generous and extraordinary block exemption from EC antitrust rules ever (1986). The European Commission's administration of the block exemption has clarified some of its aspects and, to a certain extent, limited its scope; but until very recently, it has not questioned the appropriateness of the exceptionally lenient treatment of liner shipping cartels in the European Union. After a report by the OECD Secretariat (2002) recommending abolition of antitrust immunity for shipping cartels in member countries, the European Commission launched a review of the block exemption (2003) which has led to its repeal (2006). This book studies first the origins, the early history and the regulation of liner conferences in the world and in the European Community, focusing in particular on the Regulation which granted a block exemption to liner conferences. Then, it examines one by one the four conditions for a block exemption to be granted under EC law, and concludes that none of them is fulfilled by shipping cartels. Finally, it proposes some alternative scenarios and solutions for the adequate enforcement of antitrust law in the maritime sector once the block exemption has been repealed.
Author :
Publisher :
Page : 94 pages
File Size : 19,11 MB
Release : 1982
Category : Merchant marine
ISBN :
Author : Daniel Marx
Publisher : Praeger
Page : 348 pages
File Size : 49,71 MB
Release : 1969
Category : Business & Economics
ISBN :