Gastro-entero-pancreatic Endocrine System


Book Description

"The majority of the chapters of this volume are based on the papers read in a Symposium on the "GEP Endocrine System" held on 11 and 12 February, 1972, at Ikaho, Japan."




The Paraneuron


Book Description

The regulation of the organism has traditionally been ascribed to two distinct systems-the nervous and the endocrine. Though coordination between the two systems has been acknowledged, researchers and authors have tended to deal with them as comprising separate categories of cells involved in different activities. With this approach, a given regulatory mechanism would be evaluated as to whether it should be accounted for by nervous or endocrine functions. The past 15 years, however, have witnessed numerous important discoveries and conceptual developments concerning the morphological, physiological, and bio chemical relations between the nervous and endocrine systems. Advances in im munocytochemical studies have revealed that there are a wide variety of messenger substances that function in both regulatory systems. As a result, researchers have been stimulated to investigate neuronlike properties of endocrine cells and, con versely, endocrine or secretory features of neurons. It has thus become obvious that the rigidities in the classic criteria of neurotransmitters and hormones may rather impede further advances in these research fields. The activities of neurons are no longer evaluated simply in terms of EPSP, IPSP, and the release of classic trans mitters such as acetylcholine, noradrenaline, and GABA. Hormonal actions are no longer analyzed solely with regard to concentrations of classic aminic and peptidic hormones in the systemic blood circulation. The concept of the paraneuron, which we proposed in 1975, has become one of the theoretical bases for the development of this trend of study.




The Exocrine Pancreas


Book Description

The secretions of the exocrine pancreas provide for digestion of a meal into components that are then available for processing and absorption by the intestinal epithelium. Without the exocrine pancreas, malabsorption and malnutrition result. This chapter describes the cellular participants responsible for the secretion of digestive enzymes and fluid that in combination provide a pancreatic secretion that accomplishes the digestive functions of the gland. Key cellular participants, the acinar cell and the duct cell, are responsible for digestive enzyme and fluid secretion, respectively, of the exocrine pancreas. This chapter describes the neurohumoral pathways that mediate the pancreatic response to a meal as well as details of the cellular mechanisms that are necessary for the organ responses, including protein synthesis and transport and ion transports, and the regulation of these responses by intracellular signaling systems. Examples of pancreatic diseases resulting from dysfunction in cellular mechanisms provide emphasis of the importance of the normal physiologic mechanisms.




Gut Hormones


Book Description




Liver Intra-arterial PRRT with 111In-Octreotide


Book Description

This book describes in detail a clinical project that reveals the tumoricidal efficacy of Auger and internal conversion electrons, emitted from n.c.a. 111In and implemented in oncology as a treating armamentarium for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), targeting small size (ø ≤ 20 mm) tumors and micro-metastases. The keen interest in n.c.a. 111In began when it was observed that its Auger electron emission could be highly radiotoxic, due to its high LET when it decayed in the vicinity of cellular DNA. The somatostatin analog octreotide, labeled with [111In-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA0-D-Phe1)] is an established diagnostic agent for the imaging of somatostatin receptor-positive neuro- (or non-neuro) endocrine tumors. It relies on receptor-mediated binding, internalization and installation in the lysosomes in the proximity of the nucleus; administered in large doses, loco-regionally, via the feeding artery of solid tumors, can be highly radiotoxic if they over-express somatostatin receptors, mainly of the sst2 histotype. The book compares the results between i.v. and i.a. implementation in more than 80 patients after over 800 i.a. infusions in neuroendocrine tumors, meningiomas, paragangliomas and colorectal carcinomas in a single Institute (Aretaieion University Hospital) and encourages the i.a. way, leading to “tumor melting”, while minimizing the toxicity to healthy peritumoral liver tissue and critical organs (kidneys and bone marrow). The volume is an invaluable tool for nuclear medicine physicians, interventional radiologists and oncologists dealing with radiopeptide therapies.




WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System


Book Description

"The WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System presented in this book reflects the views of a Working Group that convened for an Editorial and Consensus Conference at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, December 10-12, 2009"--P. [5].




Endocrine Surgery Comprehensive Board Exam Guide


Book Description

Every surgical subspecialty has been rapidly developing with establishment of the board certification. The Division of Endocrine Surgery (DES) of the European Board of Surgery has defined the curriculum for Endocrine Surgery to include thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal and GEP-NET surgery, and handles accreditation in Endocrine Surgery. The first examinations in Endocrine Surgery in Europe have been introduced in 2003. The main goal of the exam is to maintain a uniform and high standard of endocrine surgical professionalism across the Europe. This book was completed with the expectation that it would benefit all European surgeons looking to be certified in Endocrine Surgery. Additionally, surgeons from the United States and other non-EU countries we hope will also benefit from this book. There is a need for a specialized book that reviews evidence based endocrine surgery that aligns itself with current curriculum standards in the field. The book contains knowledge that is expected to be known on the board examination of the DES. In general, chapters start with a patient’s case followed by questions. The subsequent comprehensive yet concise main text provides all the information needed for a successful DES exam and cites important references. After the patient case and questions, the text goes on to define the condition, the standard of care approach to establish the diagnosis, perform diagnostic tests of choice, review evidence-based treatment options including medical therapy, preparation for surgery. The chapters conclude with follow up care and long term outcomes. The topics discussed within this book closely follow the curriculum of the European Board of Surgery Examination. Written by experts in the field, Endocrine Surgery Comprehensive Board Exam Guide is a valuable source of preparation for the Endocrine Surgery examination and brings Endocrine Surgery to a higher level of expertise by helping to raise the standard of training for future endocrine surgeons.




WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs


Book Description

The WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs is the 10th volume in the 4th Edition of the WHO series on histological and genetic typing of human tumours. This authoritative, concise reference provides an international standard for oncologists and pathologists and will serve as an indispensable guide for use in the design of studies evaluating response to therapy and clinical outcome. Diagnostic criteria, pathological features, and associated genetic alterations are described in a disease-oriented manner. Sections on all recognized neoplasms and their variants include new ICD-O codes, epidemiology, clinical features, pathology, genetics, prognosis, and predictive factors. The book, prepared by 166 authors from 25 countries, contains more than 700 color images and tables and more than 3100 references.




Oxford Handbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes


Book Description

This handbook in endocrinology and diabetes discusses clinical investigation and management in a convenient way, including both the protocols and explicit clinical information necessary for the management of individual patients.




The Enteric Nervous System


Book Description