Gender Politics in Transition. Women's Political Rights in Egypt After the January 25 Revolution.


Book Description

The book sets out the development of gender politics before and after the revolution of January 25, with a particular focus on the period between January and August 2011 in order to analyse how women's rights have been progressing during the transitional period. The book locates the Egyptian case in a broader analytical framework derived from a brief comparative analysis of women's activism in revolutionary struggles or independence movements in countries such as Algeria, Morocco, Iran, South Africa, and Chile. This enables the research to underscore and highlight which strategies adopted by women have enabled them to be recognized and included politically in the transitional and post-transitional periods of their countries. The book also reports the historical perspective of the feminist movement in Egypt, as well as the major events that happened during and after the Egyptian revolution regarding women's political participation, social activism and state politics. Finally, the book devotes considerable space to an empirical study of perceptions held by ordinary Egyptian men and women with regard to themes and issues related to women




From Gender Equality to Gender Justice


Book Description

Abstract: Living in an era of a global gender agenda in which concepts and frameworks travel across the world presents many challenges when it comes to discussions of women's rights in Egypt. In the decade preceding the January 25, 2011 revolution, significant progress was made regarding Egyptian women's legal rights, especially in the domain of family law reform. Hence expectations were high that Egyptian women's rights would advance following the Jan 25, 2011 revolution. Unfortunately with the transformations of the political landscape suggested otherwise. During the rule of the Muslim Brotherhood between 2011 to June 2013, several women's rights legislations were revisited and several attempts and concrete steps were taken to repeal certain family laws that had been regarded as gains for Egyptian women. This thesis explores the different strategies, tactics and engagement that women,s rights advocates adopted during this period. While the global conception of gender equality was one of the main frameworks adopted in Egypt to promote women's rights prior to the revolution, in this thesis, I explore the tensions between women's rights legal activists and the Muslim Brotherhood regarding conceptions of gender equality and gender justice.




Rethinking Gender in Revolutions and Resistance


Book Description

Ever since the uprisings that swept the Arab world, the role of Arab women in political transformations received unprecedented media attention. The copious commentary, however, has yet to result in any serious study of the gender dynamics of political upheaval. Rethinking Gender in Revolutions and Resistance is the first book to analyse the interplay between moments of sociopolitical transformation, emerging subjectivities and the different modes of women’s agency in forging new gender norms in the Arab world. Written by scholars and activists from the countries affected, including Palestine, Egypt, Tunisia and Libya, this is an important addition to Middle Eastern gender studies.




Women in Revolutionary Egypt


Book Description

The 25 January 2011 uprising and the unprecedented dissent and discord to which it gave rise shattered the notion of homogeneity that had characterized state representations of Egypt and Egyptians since 1952. It allowed for the eruption of identities along multiple lines, including class, ideology, culture, and religion, long suppressed by state control. Concomitantly a profusion of women's voices arose to further challenge the state-managed feminism that had sought to define and carefully circumscribe women's social and civic roles in Egypt. Women in Revolutionary Egypt takes the uprising as the point of departure for an exploration of how gender in post-Mubarak Egypt came to be rethought, reimagined, and contested. It examines key areas of tension between national and gender identities, including gender empowerment through art and literature, particularly graffiti and poetry, the disciplining of the body, and the politics of history and memory. Shereen Abouelnaga argues that this new cartography of women's struggle has to be read in a context that takes into consideration the micropolitics of everyday life as well as the larger processes that work to separate the personal from the political. She shows how a new generation of women is resisting, both discursively and visually, the notion of a fixed or 'authentic' notion of Egyptian womanhood in spite of prevailing social structures and in face of all gendered politics of imagined nation.




Fighting Back


Book Description

"On January 25, 2011, Egyptians stood together in Tahrir Square to call for the end of autocratic leadership. The crowd was widely representative: women, men, children, Coptic Christians, Muslims, Bedouins all showed up in support of the revolution. Less than two weeks before, Tunisian President Ben Ali had been ousted from power as the result of relatively peaceful demonstrations. What seemed a permissive environment for women in the early days of the 2011 revolution turned out to be dangerous, and at times, brutally violent. Following the ouster of Mubarak on February 11, 2011, sexual harassment and violence against women took an insidious turn amidst a period of political turmoil and transition. Two particular forms of sexual violence against women emerged during the demonstrations that ensued: organized mob attacks and gang rape and sexual assault committed by state security forces. Before long, Egyptian women mobilized to demand their right to political participation and take back their dignity. As women came increasingly under attack in post-revolution Egypt, various organizations surfaced in the fight against sexual harassment and violence against women. The origins and efforts of three of these organizations - HarassMap, Operation Anti Sexual Harassment (OpAntiSH), and Tahrir Bodyguard - are featured here. Working together, and in conjunction with other civil society organizations, members conducted awareness campaigns, rescued women under attack on multiple occasions, and ultimately, pushed for social and political change. Using Ray and Korteweg's findings on women's movements in third world settings as a theoretical framework, I demonstrate that the mobilization of Egyptian women during this period constitutes a "post-revolution women's movement." I then discuss the successful social and political outcomes that emerged from the movement, and conclude that this movement is a unique and powerful chapter in the historically rich and still unfolding narrative that is Egyptian feminism".




Envisioning and Defining a New Egypt: Women and Gender in the January 25th Uprising and Transitional Period


Book Description

On January 25, Egyptian protesters infamously toppled the Mubarak regime in a period of eighteen days. Similar to experiences of other Egyptian historical nationalist and revolutionary experiences, Egyptian women played a full role in the eighteen day Jan 25th Revolution. However, after the toppling of Mubarak, women's burden of representation and upholding society's civil and moral boundaries has made their bodies and movements policed, physically and symbolically. Women (imagined and real) become the sites of constructions of categories such as "nation" "state" and "citizenship" during the uprising and in the reconstruction of a new Egypt. The process of transformation and simultaneous reproduction of gender through symbols, discourse, and meaning have mirrored the changes seen in the revolutionary process of restructuring the state and attempts to transform old modes of powers and social inequalities. By examining debates and charged discourses on women's roles and rights in society rights, this paper will reflect the various visions of the ideal Egyptian nation as well as the changing realities in a post-revolutionary Egypt.




Women Resisting Sexual Violence and the Egyptian Revolution


Book Description

Women were at the forefront of the Egyptian Revolution in 2011, with the Arab Spring protests providing an unprecedented opportunity to make their voices heard. But these women also faced an intense backlash from Egypt’s patriarchal authorities, with female activists subjected to sexual violence and intimidation by the regime and even fellow protestors. Centered on the testimonies of four women who each played a significant role in the protests, this book provides unique insight into women’s experiences during the Egyptian Revolution, and into the methods of resistance these women developed in response to sexual violence. In the process, Hamzeh casts new light on the relationship between gendered and state violence, and argues that women’s resistance to this violence is reshaping gender relations in Egypt and the wider Arab world.




Gender, Women and the Arab Spring


Book Description

This book provides a unique investigation into the gender dynamics of the Arab Spring as it unfolded in North Africa. It covers issues such as gender legislation in the post-revolution period, sexual harassment, gender activism, politics and the female body, women and Islamist movements, state feminism, women and political economy, and women’s rights in the context of political transitions. Chapters on Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria, Libya and Egypt are written by specialist and activists from those countries. It includes a rare, first hand insight into the gender debates, human rights violations and politics of post Qaddafi Libya, written by a Libyan scholar directly engaged in these developments. An analysis of post-Mubarak gender debates in Egypt is detailed by a gender activist and scholar currently engaged in these debates in favour of gender equitable legislation and human rights in Egypt. Two former Ministers of Women’s Affairs from Tunisia and Algeria, who are also prolific scholars, provide analysis on the situation of women’s rights in the context of Islamism and freedom of artistic expression in Tunisia and Algeria. In addition to these first hand accounts written by North African political and civil society actors, the book provides a comprehensive theoretical background that allows for readers to understand the historical and deeper cultural contexts of gender struggles. The Foreword frames the larger debate about gender equality and democratisation in the North Africa/Middle Eat region and clearly presents the lines of investigation of the chapters. Each chapter contains a clear framing of the subject that will orient, educate, and intelligently inform the general reader about the history, current developments and stakes of women’s struggles that have intensified and shifted since the beginning of the Arab Spring. This book was published as a special issue of the Journal of North African Studies.




Women and the Egyptian Revolution


Book Description

An examination of women′s political participation and engagement during and after the 2011 uprising in Egypt.