GETT Gas Compressor Guide


Book Description

This book is written as a companion to my book on Gas Engines, (ISBN: 978-1-7345214-0-5). However it can also serve as a stand-alone text. There is nothing magical about reciprocating compressors, how they work or about maintaining them, but they do command respect since they are often compressing highly explosive or toxic gases. As do most authors of text books I will begin with theory. To know how something works is a prerequisite to knowing how to fix it. Many people consider theory a dull topic, but it goes hand in hand with operation and maintenance. So I will begin this book with theory and connect all of the systems in between. Some of the images used herein are sourced from various gas engine/compressor manufacturers including Cooper-Bessemer, Dresser-Clark, Worthington, and Ingersoll-Rand. I took most of the actual photographs while employed by an O.E.M. for over thirty-seven years. While a solid knowledge of compressor theory is critical to understanding how a compressor works, I cannot teach theory without the reader being familiar with the basic Gas Laws and the basic components. Each one of the components and systems illustrated here will be examined in detail by the end of the book. But for now, the basic parts are described very briefly in the introduction. Study the drawing and fix in your mind the names and locations of these major components. Reciprocating Compressors of every size and make are comparable in design and the parts similarly named. Where there are significant differences they will be pointed out.The first time specialized words or terms are used they will be underlined and in this font. Their definitions will be found in a glossary at the back of the book. The numbers of personnel qualified to operate and repair these compressors is facing a shortfall due the retirement of an aging workforce. This has created a need for people in the oil and Gas industry who are formally educated in the maintenance of this equipment. This book provides a good introduction for those seeking employment in the industry.




A Practical Guide to Compressor Technology


Book Description

A Complete overview of theory, selection, design, operation, and maintenance This text offers a thorough overview of the operating characteristics, efficiencies, design features, troubleshooting, and maintenance of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors. The author examines a wide spectrum of compressors used in heavy process industries, with an emphasis on improving reliability and avoiding failure. Readers learn both the theory underlying compressors as well as the myriad day-to-day practical issues and challenges that chemical engineers and plant operation personnel must address. The text features: Latest design and manufacturing details of dynamic and positive displacement process gas compressors Examination of the full range of machines available for the heavy process industries Thorough presentation of the arrangements, material composition, and basic laws governing the design of all important process gas compressors Guidance on selecting optimum compressor configurations, controls, components, and auxiliaries to maximize reliability Monitoring and performance analysis for optimal machinery condition Systematic methods to avoid failure through the application of field-tested reliability enhancement concepts Fluid instability and externally pressurized bearings Reliability-driven asset management strategies for compressors Upstream separator and filter issues The text's structure is carefully designed to build knowledge and skills by starting with key principles and then moving to more advanced material. Hundreds of photos depicting various types of compressors, components, and processes are provided throughout. Compressors often represent a multi-million dollar investment for such applications as petrochemical processing and refining, refrigeration, pipeline transport, and turbochargers and superchargers for internal combustion engines. This text enables the broad range of engineers and plant managers who work with these compressors to make the most of the investment by leading them to the best decisions for selecting, operating, upgrading, maintaining, and troubleshooting.




Operator's Guide to Process Compressors


Book Description

The perfect primer for anyone responsible for operating or maintaining process gas compressors. Gas compressors tend to be the largest, most costly, and most critical machines employed in chemical and gas transfer processes. Since they tend to have the greatest effect on the reliability of processes they power, compressors typically receive the most scrutiny of all the machinery among the general population of processing equipment. To prevent unwanted compressor failures from occurring, operators must be taught how their equipment should operate and how each installation is different from one another. The ultimate purpose of this book is to teach those who work in process settings more about gas compressors, so they can start up and operate them correctly and monitor their condition with more confidence. Some may regard compressor technology as too broad and complex a topic for operating personnel to fully understand, but the author has distilled this vast body of knowledge into some key, easy to understand lessons for the reader to study at his or her own pace. This groundbreaking new work is a must-have for any engineer, operator, or manager working with process compressors. The main goals of this book are to: Explain important theories and concepts about gases and compression processes with a minimum of mathematics Identify key compressor components and explain how they affect reliability Explain how centrifugal compressors, reciprocating compressors, and screw compressors function. Explain key operating factors that affect reliabilityIntroduce the reader to basic troubleshooting methodologies Introduce operators to proven field inspection techniques Improve the confidence of personnel operating compressors by teaching them the basics of compressor theory Improve compressor reliability plantwide by teaching operating and inspection best practices Improve communication between operating and supporting plant personnel by providing a common vocabulary of compressor terms Help processing plants avoid costly failures by teaching operators how to identify early compressor issues during field inspections







A Practical Guide to Compressor Technology


Book Description

Compressors are a vital link in the conversion of raw materials into refined products. Compressors also handle economical use and transformation of energy from one for into another. They are used for the extraction of metals and minerals in mining operations, for the conservation of energy in natural gas injection plants, for secondary recovery processes in oil fields, for the utilization of new energy sources such as shale oil and tar sands, for furnishing utility or reaction air, for oxygen and reaction gases in almost any process, for process chemical and petrochemical plants, and for the separation and liquefaction of gases in air separation plants and in LPG and LNG plants. And, as the reader will undoubtedly know, this listing does not even begin to describe the literally hundreds of services that use modern compression equipment.




A Simple Guide to Understanding Compressors


Book Description

This straightforward guide to compressors seeks to unveil a lot of myths surrounding compressors. In this book, we will be looking at most types of compressors, including the centrifugal compressors, the air compressors, and of course the most troublesome of all compressors, the reciprocating compressors. Having a compressor with minimal operating problems does not only depend on the selection of the right type and size for your job. Detailed specifications of all auxiliary equipment and operating conditions, as well as keeping constant vigilance over the engineering and installation is imperative. The Simple Guide will explain in a simple yet definitive manner which compressor type is best used for which job and what it can produce.




Compressor Handbook


Book Description

"A highly impressive work ... extremely useful." --Tobi Goldoftas, Engineering Consultant, Cleveland, Ohio The Benchmark Guide for Compressor Technology Pros Compressor Handbook You don't have to scour piles of technical literature for compressor answers any longer. The Compressor Handbook marks the spot where you’ll find all the answers on the design procedures, practical application, and maintenance of compressors—straight from the top experts on these widely used machines. The first-ever comprehensive reference on compressors, the Handbook gives you coverage of everything from fundamentals and theory to advanced applications, techniques, and today's materials. Look inside for sought-after data on compressors that inflate tires, spray paint, increase the density of natural gas, or perform any of a myriad of other important industrial and day-to-day functions. Edited by a leading mechanical engineer widely known for his contributions to seal design, this fully illustrated Compressor Handbook can help you: Understand the structure and operation of compressors of all types. Design or select compressors for any use, from power-cleaning to chemical processes. Follow step-by-step design procedures for fewer errors and optimized results. Specify leading-edge materials, components, and lubricants. Operate and maintain all types of compressors at peak efficiency. Answer questions on and provide designs for ancillary and auxiliary equipment. Invent new applications for compressor technology. Easily find tabular data on gas properties, efficiency curves, compression ratios, and horsepower, plus definitions of nomenclature. Altitude Effect Analysis Applications Axial Flow Balancing Bearings Boosters Bypass Capacity Control Centrifugal Type CNG Compressibility Compression Cycles Compression Ratio Computer Modeling Construction Control Systems Cooling Critical Speed Cylinders Diaphragm Dynamic Ejector Electrical Expander Finite Element Analysis Filtration Fluid Flow Analysis Foundations Frame Friction Fuel Gas Laws Gas Stream Gas Velocity Hardware High Pressure Impeller Inertia Injection Leakage Liquid Piston Limitations Loading Lubricators Magnetic Type Manufacture Methods Mixed Flow Monitoring Mounting Nomenclature Oil Properties Oil Wipers Operating Limitations Operating Principles Packaging Packing Performance Control Performance Measurement Piston Rings Piston Rod Piping Pneumatic Positive Displacement Power Prelube Pressure Range Pulsations Purging Reciprocating Refrigerants Refrigeration Systems Reinforcing Rod Loading Rolling Element Rotor Phasing Rotary Safety Screw Scroll Seals Sensing Scrubbers Simulation Size and Mass Analysis Skid Mounts Speed Staging Standards Storage Straight Lobe Stress Considerations Surging Testing Temperature Thermal Effects Thrust Tilting Pad Toxic or Corrosive Gases Transmission Turbine Vacuum Valves Vane Vehicle Refueling Vibrations Volumetric Efficiency Wear More




Compressor Handbook: Principles and Practice


Book Description

This book examines the full spectrum of compressor types, how they operate, how to control them, and how operating conditions can significantly impact their performance. Discussed in detail are the influence of pressure, temperature, molecular weight, specific heat ratio, compression ratio, speed, vane position, and volume bottles. The various methods of throughput control are also addressed, including discharge throttling, suction throttling, guide pain positioning, volume, bottles, suction valve unloaders, speed control, as well as how each of these control methods affects compressor life. Compressor surge is defined and discussed in detail, along with the types of instrumentation (controllers, valves, pressure, and temperature transmitters) available, and which of those are most suitable for controlling search. Case studies have been included to illustrate the principles covered in the text. This edition also includes detailed information on compressor seals. Various types of seals providing the best results for different applications are discussed, thereby giving the reader a basic understanding of seals serotypes and applications.




The Complete Idiot's Guide to Auto Repair


Book Description

'The Complete Idiot's Guide to Auto Repair Illustrated' covers everything readers need to know about their automobiles, from the tires up. Tailor-made for true novices, it shows them how to make some of the most basic repairs themselves, and teaches them enough to feel confident that they'll never be taken for a ride by a mechanic again. More than 300 easy-to-understand illustrations and a 50-page self-diagnosis guide organized for quick identification of what's wrong. New- and used-car warranty information. Step-by-step illustrated instructions on how to conduct routine maintenance. An overview of how each system (steering and suspension, cooling, electrical) works.