Transfer Pricing Developments Around the World 2022


Book Description

Intensive work on transfer pricing, one of the most relevant and challenging topics in the international tax environment, continues to increase worldwide at every level of government and international policy with a far-reaching impact on countries’ legislations, administrative guidelines, and jurisprudence. This book presents an in-depth, issue-by-issue analysis of the current state of developments along with suggestions for future solutions to the problems raised. Emerging from the research conducted by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), this book offers eight topic-based chapters prepared by international experts on transfer pricing. Greatly helping to define recent transfer pricing issues around the world, this book encompasses the following topics: Global Transfer Pricing Developments. Transfer Pricing Developments in the European Union. Transfer Pricing Developments in the United States. Transfer Pricing Developments in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies. Recent Developments on Transfer Pricing in the Post-Covid-19 Era. Recent Developments on Transfer Pricing and Substance. Recent Developments on Transfer Pricing and Business Restructurings. Recent Developments on Transfer Pricing and New Technologies. The intense work of international organizations such as the OECD, UN, and other international organizations, as well as the intense work of the EU, is thoroughly analyzed in this book. The detailed analysis will be of immeasurable value to the various players, including international organizations, the business community and advisory firms, corporate CEOs and CFOs, and government officials as well as to tax lawyers, in-house counsel, and interested academics in facilitating efficient dialog and a coordinated approach to transfer pricing in the future.




Transfer Pricing Developments Around the World 2020


Book Description

Intensive work on transfer pricing, one of the most relevant and challenging topics in the international tax environment, continues to increase worldwide at every level of government and international policy with far-reaching impact on countries’ legislations, administrative guidelines and jurisprudence. This book presents an in-depth, issue-by-issue analysis of the current state of developments along with suggestions for future solutions to the problems raised. Emerging from the research conducted by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), this book offers eight topic-based chapters prepared by international experts on transfer pricing. Greatly helping to define recent transfer pricing issues around the world, this book encompasses the following topics: Global Transfer Pricing Developments; Transfer Pricing Developments in the European Union; Transfer Pricing Developments in the United States; Transfer Pricing Developments in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies; Recent Developments on the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalization of the Economy (New Nexus Rules); Recent Developments on the Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalization of the Economy (New Profit Allocation Rules); Recent Developments on Transfer Pricing and Intra-Group Financing; and Recent Developments on the Use of New Technologies for Transfer Pricing Analyses. The intense work of international organizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and other international organizations, as well as the intense work of the European Union is thoroughly analyzed in this book. The detailed analysis will be of immeasurable value to the various players including international organizations, the business community and advisory firms, corporate CEOs and CFOs, and government officials as well as to tax lawyers, in-house counsel and academics in facilitating efficient dialogue and a coordinated approach to transfer pricing in the future.




Tax Transfer Pricing


Book Description

The book pays attention to the tax treatment of transfer pricing in a single perspective of analysis since the most important principles (the arm’s length -ALP- i.e. conditions that independent parties would share, and the sale country) are agreed worldwide. They must be applied in the same way regardless of the economic sector or industry. A country survey overlooks the most important issue of the fiscal problem, that is, the ability to project a unitary policy in compliance with the ALP (or with the sale country principle) and that should be audited by one sole (only theoretically) existing tax authority. The practical part and examples disclose how rules should be/have been applied, how legal proceedings can arise/arose regarding their application , how they were decided if litigation truly occurred, and finally the author’s motivated opinion with special focus on which is “the breaking point” of a specific analysis. The term “breaking point” is used to explain which can be the factual and/or the interpretative change that is able to modify such analysis and thus the solution. Extract from the preface of prof. Reuven Avi-Yonah: “this book is a must read for any serious student of the topic and an important contribution to understanding how the ALP is applied today as well as to how it should be applied. It is an invaluable contribution and should be read widely by both tax lawyers and accountants and by tax policy makers”.




Transfer Pricing and Business Restructurings


Book Description

Transfer pricing and business restructurings: issues and developments In the ever-evolving global landscape, the ability of businesses to swiftly adapt is crucial for maintaining relevance and competitiveness. This imperative holds true for multinationals, which frequently engage in strategic restructuring of their operations, assets, and resources to realign with the dynamic shifts in market conditions. This dynamic approach enhances operational efficiency, cuts costs, and optimizes financial performance. However, the intricacies of restructuring, especially in the context of transfer pricing, pose considerable challenges. Despite elaborate guidance from the OECD and UN, transfer pricing considerations in business restructuring remain complex. Determining appropriate transfer pricing methodologies, finding comparable transactions, and ensuring accurate documentation present hurdles for both multinationals and tax administrations. This publication discusses the most important issues and recent developments related to this theme. It attempts to cover various issues related to business restructuring, including delineation and recognition, remuneration of restructuring and post-restructuring, and other relevant issues such as exit taxes, location savings, permanent establishments, and implications of COVID-19. This book is based on the outcomes of the presentations and discussions held during the WU Transfer Pricing Symposium, that took place in October 2022 at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. The authors, apart from providing a theoretical background to the discussed issues, also present case studies that show how those issues can be approached in practice.




Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business Volume 43


Book Description

The Comparative Law Yearbook of International Business, published under the auspices of the Center for International Legal Studies, in this 43rd volume spans an arc of timely and challenging concerns for business law practitioners and academics alike. It discusses: how arbitrability of intellectual property rights disputes might improve worldwide IPR enforcement; how the “disregard of legal entity” may be used to establish implied consent by a person or entity that is not a signatory to an arbitration agreement; how an effective cross-border insolvency framework under the Indian insolvency and bankruptcy code can borrow from the UNCITRAL Model Law’s and other jurisdictions’ approaches to the tension between “universality” and “territoriality”; how a promising new mediation act for Pakistan may help resolve a backlog of millions of cases in a jurisdiction with a patchwork of traditional and modern alternative dispute resolution mechanisms; how the European Union seeks to balance the taxation of digital services; how Brazil is addressing the taxation of offshore indirect transfers; how private equity capital structures in the unique market of professional sports create opportunities as well as risks; how Securities Market Regulation theory plays a role in the organization and development of active securities markets, particularly in emerging markets; and how non-signatories can be bound by arbitration agreements in Brazil through “disregard of legal entity” to ascertain implied consent. The authors are practitioners and academics from Brazil, England, France, India, Pakistan, Singapore, the United States and Uzbekistan. They offer a broad and diverse perspective on some of today’s pressing business law issues in a shrinking world.




Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments


Book Description

Attribution of Profits to Permanent Establishments: Issues and Developments The profit attribution to permanent establishments is one of the most controversial topics in international tax law. In recent years it was subject to various changes based on the introduction of the “Authorized OECD Approach” in 2008 and 2010, the outcomes of Final Report on OECD BEPS Action 7 and the Final Report on “Additional Guidance on the Attribution of Profits to a Permanent Establishment under BEPS Action 7” from 2018 (with the previous Discussion-Drafts). This publication discusses the most important issues and recent developments related to the attribution of profits to permanent establishments. Starting with an in-depth analysis on the commonalities and differences between the profit attribution provisions in modern double tax treaties (ie Art 7 AOA vs Art 9 OECD/UN Models), it further deals with topics such as profit attribution to PEs and PE exemptions (Art 5 para 4), profit attribution to agency PEs (Art 5 para 5 and 6), and profit attribution to a "significant economic presence" and to market states. This book is based on the outcomes of the presentations and discussions held during the WU Transfer Pricing Symposium that took place in October 2019 at the WU Vienna University of Economics and Business. The authors, apart from providing a theoretical background to the discussed issues, also present case studies that show how certain issues can be approached in practice. Every chapter ends with a summary of the opinions on the issues at stake of representatives of tax administrations, multinationals and tax advisories, which completes this essential practical guideline.




Substance in International Tax Law


Book Description

The notion of ‘substance’ is proving to be central to the OECD’s base erosion and profit shifting (BEPS) project, particularly in the area of taxation of intangibles. In this book, this notoriously hard-to-define concept is examined from three distinct angles: transfer pricing (DEMPE Approach), harmful tax practices (Substantial Activity Requirement), and tax treaties (Beneficial Ownership). In a thoroughgoing investigation using the practical example of an IP company, the author provides detailed and precise answers to the following questions: What substance is necessary to be entitled to intangible-related returns? What substance is necessary to benefit from preferential IP regimes or no or only nominal tax jurisdictions? What substance is necessary to collect royalties free from withholding taxes? Given the need to agree on a common understanding of substance in international tax law in order to avoid costly tax disputes, this important book is unmatched for the clear light it sheds on the most relevant substance requirements regarding intangibles. It will prove invaluable to tax practitioners and in-house counsel who are dealing with cross-border transactions concerning intangibles.




Applying the Arm's Length Principle to Intra-group Financial Transactions


Book Description

It is well known that intercompany financing arrangements have become increasingly subject to scrutiny in contexts of applying transfer pricing and anti-tax avoidance-related rules. With contributions by more than 50 leading global transfer pricing and international tax experts from law firms, multinational enterprises, academia, and tax administrations, this book provides unparalleled insights into the application of the Arm’s Length Principle to different types of financial transactions, application of anti-avoidance rules to various intra-group financial arrangements as well as the business value creation process and the dispute management landscape that underlie intra-group financial transactions. With in-depth analysis of the legislation and market developments that fuel the diverse range of financing options available to market participants – and loaded with practical examples and case studies that cover the legal and economic considerations that arise when analysing intra-group finance – the contributors examine such topics and issues as the following: national anti-abuse rules applicable to financial transactions; tax treaty issues; role of credit ratings and impact of implicit support; loans, cash pooling, financial guarantees; transfer pricing aspects of performance guarantees; ‘mezzanine’ financing; considerations for crypto financing; impact of crises situations such as COVID-19; how treasury operations can be structured in a group and the decision-making process involved; how hedges offset or mitigate risks; how to apply the arm’s length principle to factoring and captive insurance transactions; comparability analysis for various transactions; special considerations for transactions carried out by a permanent establishment; EU state aid and its interaction with transfer pricing rules; dispute prevention and resolution tools under the OECD, UN, and EU frameworks; and developing countries’ perspectives, focusing on Brazil, India, and South Africa. Given the challenges facing taxpayers and tax authorities alike, this book will prove an immeasurably valuable reference guide to support tax practitioners, tax administrations, and tax scholars in developing standards and policies in dealing with intra-group financing issues.




Transfer Pricing Developments Around the World 2019


Book Description

Intensive work on transfer pricing, one of the most relevant and challenging topics in the international tax environment, continues to increase worldwide at every level of government and international policy with far-reaching impact on countries’ legislations, administrative guidelines and jurisprudence. This book presents an in-depth, issue-by-issue analysis of the current state of developments along with suggestions for future solutions to the problems raised. Emerging from the research conducted by the WU Transfer Pricing Center at the Institute for Austrian and International Tax Law at WU (Vienna University of Economics and Business), this book offers eight topic-based papers prepared by international experts on transfer pricing. Greatly helping to define recent transfer pricing issues around the world, this book encompasses the following topics: Global Transfer Pricing Developments; Transfer Pricing Developments in the European Union; Transfer Pricing Developments in the United States; Transfer Pricing Developments in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies; Recent Developments on Transfer Pricing and Intra-Group Services; Recent Developments on Transfer Pricing and Intra-Group Financing; Recent Developments on the Nexus Rules to Tax Business Profits at Source; and Recent Developments on Attribution of Profits to Digital Permanent Establishments. The intense work of international organizations such as the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, United Nations and other international organizations as well as the intense work of the European Union is thoroughly analyzed in this book. The detailed analysis will be of immeasurable value to the various players including international organizations, the business community and advisory firms, corporate CEOs and CFOs, and government officials as well as to tax lawyers, in-house counsel and academics in facilitating efficient dialogue and a coordinated approach to transfer pricing in the future.




Doing Business 2020


Book Description

Seventeen in a series of annual reports comparing business regulation in 190 economies, Doing Business 2020 measures aspects of regulation affecting 10 areas of everyday business activity.