Guidelines for Food Disease Outbreak Response


Book Description

"The Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response (CIFOR) Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response were developed to aid government agencies responsible for preventing and managing foodborne disease. The Guidelines focuses on local and state agencies, including public health, environmental health, agriculture, and other agencies responsible for food safety, because they investigate most of the outbreaks of foodborne disease in the United States. However, the Guidelines also supports the federal public health and regulatory agencies critical to the U.S. food-safety infrastructure. The Guidelines describes the overall approach to outbreaks of foodborne diseases, including preparation, detection, investigation, control, and follow-up. The Guidelines also describes the roles of all key organizations involved in these outbreaks, provides recommendations for processes to improve communication and coordination among multiple agencies during multijurisdictional outbreaks, and identifies indicators that different organizations can use to gauge their performance in responding to foodborne disease outbreaks. Even though the Guidelines document provides comprehensive information for individuals and organizations involved in foodborne disease, it is not intended to replace existing procedure manuals. Agencies and individuals should use the Guidelines to compare existing procedures, fill gaps in and update site-specific procedures, create procedures where they do not exist, and train program staff. CIFOR intends the Guidelines to serve as a foundation for epidemiologists, laboratorians, environmental health specialists, and others involved in food-safety programs. Many local, state, and federal government agencies work to solve outbreaks of foodborne diseases, and CIFOR hopes this document will standardize foodborne disease investigation across all those agencies. Technical experts from different government and academic organizations across the country, representing a wide variety of disciplines, have compiled the information in the Guidelines. The Guidelines have undergone a comprehensive public review process. CIFOR considers these Guidelines a consensus document that captures best practices and identifies emerging new practices in outbreak response to foodborne diseases."--Preface.




Foodborne Disease Outbreaks


Book Description

"These guidelines have been written for public health practitioners, food and health inspectors, district and national medical officers, laboratory personnel and others who may undertake or participate in the investigation and control of foodborne disease outbreaks."--P. 4 of cover.




Evaluation of the Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response (CIFOR) Guidelines for Foodborne Disease Outbreak Response and Associated Toolkit


Book Description

Foodborne disease is a significant public health problem. Estimates from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicate that, in 2011, approximately one in six individuals in the United States was affected by a foodborne disease, resulting in 127,839 hospitalizations and roughly 3,000 deaths (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2011; Scallan et al., 2011). With reducing the burden of foodborne disease among its primary goals, CIFOR developed the Guidelines for Foodborne Outbreak Response (2009) and a companion Toolkit (2011) to facilitate improvements in foodborne disease outbreak detection and response at the state and local levels. The objective of this study is to assess the distribution and use of the CIFOR Guidelines and Toolkit to determine whether and to what extent they are reaching their intended users and achieving their intended goals. Findings from this evaluation provide important information about how the dissemination, content, and structure of the Guidelines and Toolkit can be changed to facilitate their use and further improve foodborne outbreak response.




Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach


Book Description

Globalization of the food supply has created conditions favorable for the emergence, reemergence, and spread of food-borne pathogens-compounding the challenge of anticipating, detecting, and effectively responding to food-borne threats to health. In the United States, food-borne agents affect 1 out of 6 individuals and cause approximately 48 million illnesses, 128,000 hospitalizations, and 3,000 deaths each year. This figure likely represents just the tip of the iceberg, because it fails to account for the broad array of food-borne illnesses or for their wide-ranging repercussions for consumers, government, and the food industry-both domestically and internationally. A One Health approach to food safety may hold the promise of harnessing and integrating the expertise and resources from across the spectrum of multiple health domains including the human and veterinary medical and plant pathology communities with those of the wildlife and aquatic health and ecology communities. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop on December 13 and 14, 2011 that examined issues critical to the protection of the nation's food supply. The workshop explored existing knowledge and unanswered questions on the nature and extent of food-borne threats to health. Participants discussed the globalization of the U.S. food supply and the burden of illness associated with foodborne threats to health; considered the spectrum of food-borne threats as well as illustrative case studies; reviewed existing research, policies, and practices to prevent and mitigate foodborne threats; and, identified opportunities to reduce future threats to the nation's food supply through the use of a "One Health" approach to food safety. Improving Food Safety Through a One Health Approach: Workshop Summary covers the events of the workshop and explains the recommendations for future related workshops.




Learning from SARS


Book Description

The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in late 2002 and 2003 challenged the global public health community to confront a novel epidemic that spread rapidly from its origins in southern China until it had reached more than 25 other countries within a matter of months. In addition to the number of patients infected with the SARS virus, the disease had profound economic and political repercussions in many of the affected regions. Recent reports of isolated new SARS cases and a fear that the disease could reemerge and spread have put public health officials on high alert for any indications of possible new outbreaks. This report examines the response to SARS by public health systems in individual countries, the biology of the SARS coronavirus and related coronaviruses in animals, the economic and political fallout of the SARS epidemic, quarantine law and other public health measures that apply to combating infectious diseases, and the role of international organizations and scientific cooperation in halting the spread of SARS. The report provides an illuminating survey of findings from the epidemic, along with an assessment of what might be needed in order to contain any future outbreaks of SARS or other emerging infections.




Ensuring Safe Food


Book Description

How safe is our food supply? Each year the media report what appears to be growing concern related to illness caused by the food consumed by Americans. These food borne illnesses are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, pesticide residues, and food additives. Recent actions taken at the federal, state, and local levels in response to the increase in reported incidences of food borne illnesses point to the need to evaluate the food safety system in the United States. This book assesses the effectiveness of the current food safety system and provides recommendations on changes needed to ensure an effective science-based food safety system. Ensuring Safe Food discusses such important issues as: What are the primary hazards associated with the food supply? What gaps exist in the current system for ensuring a safe food supply? What effects do trends in food consumption have on food safety? What is the impact of food preparation and handling practices in the home, in food services, or in production operations on the risk of food borne illnesses? What organizational changes in responsibility or oversight could be made to increase the effectiveness of the food safety system in the United States? Current concerns associated with microbiological, chemical, and physical hazards in the food supply are discussed. The book also considers how changes in technology and food processing might introduce new risks. Recommendations are made on steps for developing a coordinated, unified system for food safety. The book also highlights areas that need additional study. Ensuring Safe Food will be important for policymakers, food trade professionals, food producers, food processors, food researchers, public health professionals, and consumers.




Foodborne Outbreaks


Book Description




When Good Food Goes Bad


Book Description

Foodborne illness sickens or kills an extraordinary number of people each year. It also has great economic costs. Last year, an outbreak linked to contaminated cantaloupe in the United States sickened 146 and killed 30. In 2011, another outbreak in Germany that was eventually linked to contaminated sprouts, sickened more than 4,000 and caused at least 50 deaths. Foodborne disease outbreak response is a critical part of reducing the consequences of outbreaks that will occur in the future. If public health officials can more quickly recognize when a foodborne illness outbreak has occurred and identify the food causing the outbreak, lives can be saved and economic losses averted. The lessons learned from outbreak investigations can be used by industry and government to address the underlying causes of contamination that lead to illness, thus making food safer for everyone. The Center for Biosecurity of UPMC produced this report to catalyze improvements in the country's ability to respond to large foodborne disease outbreaks. We analyzed the existing data and studies on foodborne illness outbreak response, identified emerging trends, and interviewed dozens of federal and state level officials and experts from industry, professional organizations, academia, and relevant international organizations. The report puts forth a series of recommendations to accelerate and strengthen responses to foodborne illness outbreaks in the US.