Curriculum Development


Book Description

Curriculum and curriculum issues are at the heart of current debates about schooling, pedagogy and learning. This book will enable practitioners, scholars and academics to understand how to re-design or to suggest changes to curriculum structure, shape and content. Grounded in theory and philosophy, the book also offers practical help in grasping this controversial area. Inside, the authors: provide practical planning templates support and provoke analysis, discussion and experimentation include definitions of key terms and reflective questions incorporate practical examples and case material based on their work worldwide on curriculum design and evaluation.




Understanding by Design


Book Description

What is understanding and how does it differ from knowledge? How can we determine the big ideas worth understanding? Why is understanding an important teaching goal, and how do we know when students have attained it? How can we create a rigorous and engaging curriculum that focuses on understanding and leads to improved student performance in today's high-stakes, standards-based environment? Authors Grant Wiggins and Jay McTighe answer these and many other questions in this second edition of Understanding by Design. Drawing on feedback from thousands of educators around the world who have used the UbD framework since its introduction in 1998, the authors have greatly revised and expanded their original work to guide educators across the K-16 spectrum in the design of curriculum, assessment, and instruction. With an improved UbD Template at its core, the book explains the rationale of backward design and explores in greater depth the meaning of such key ideas as essential questions and transfer tasks. Readers will learn why the familiar coverage- and activity-based approaches to curriculum design fall short, and how a focus on the six facets of understanding can enrich student learning. With an expanded array of practical strategies, tools, and examples from all subject areas, the book demonstrates how the research-based principles of Understanding by Design apply to district frameworks as well as to individual units of curriculum. Combining provocative ideas, thoughtful analysis, and tested approaches, this new edition of Understanding by Design offers teacher-designers a clear path to the creation of curriculum that ensures better learning and a more stimulating experience for students and teachers alike.




Rigorous Curriculum Design


Book Description

The need for a cohesive and comprehensive curriculum that intentionally connects standards, instruction, and assessment has never been more pressing. For educators to meet the challenging learning needs of students they must have a clear road map to follow throughout the school year. Rigorous Curriculum Design presents a carefully sequenced, hands-on model that curriculum designers and educators in every school system can follow to create a progression of units of study that keeps all areas tightly focused and connected.




Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction


Book Description

The acclaimed classic shows educators how to set classroom objectives, select learning experiences, organize instruction, and evaluate progress. In 1949, a small book had a big impact on education. In just over one hundred pages, Ralph W. Tyler presented the concept that curriculum should be dynamic, a program under constant evaluation and revision. Curriculum had always been thought of as a static, set program, and in an era preoccupied with student testing, he offered the innovative idea that teachers and administrators should spend as much time evaluating their plans as they do assessing their students. Since then, Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction has been a standard reference for anyone working with curriculum development. Although not a strict how-to guide, the book shows how educators can critically approach curriculum planning, studying progress and retooling when needed. Its four sections focus on setting objectives, selecting learning experiences, organizing instruction, and evaluating progress. Readers will come away with a firm understanding of how to formulate educational objectives and how to analyze and adjust their plans so that students meet the objectives. Tyler also explains that curriculum planning is a continuous, cyclical process, an instrument of education that needs to be fine-tuned. This emphasis on thoughtful evaluation has kept Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction a relevant, trusted companion for over sixty years. And with school districts across the nation working feverishly to align their curriculum with Common Core standards, Tyler’s straightforward recommendations are sound and effective tools for educators working to create a curriculum that integrates national objectives with their students’ needs. Praise for Basic Principles of Curriculum and Instruction “Tyler addresses the essential purposes of teaching in a way that still has relevance for contemporary students of education, and communicates to them how important and timeless the quality of the pupil-teacher interaction actually is.” —Times Higher Education (UK)




Guiding Curriculum Development


Book Description

Top-down mandates concerning the curriculum of the school leave no room for program creativity and program commitment. Yet principals and teachers are held accountable for student achievement results. Constitutionally, powers not granted to the United States are reserved to the States or to the people. The book’s primary purposes center on the need for placing the responsibility for determining student curriculum and academic achievement the local school level whereby school personnel determine the individual student’s personal interests and needs and design a curricular program for each student that fosters personnel success. The creative abilities of teachers are inhibited in attempts to implement top-down mandates that set forth academic content and instructional methods set forth by federal and state agencies. If learning programs and instructional methods are to be designed to meet the individual interests and needs of the learner, who is in the best position to determine such needs? We believe that the social, mental, and physical needs of children and youth are determined best by local educational professionals. This book sets forth the foundations of practice that will serve these purposes.




Dacum


Book Description

Many trainers and instructional designers often struggle with the connection(or lack thereof) between the different phases of instructional design. We know that analysis is followed by design, which is followed by development and implementation, and that everything should culminate in an evaluation of the learning. One of the many struggles faced however is that most instructional design systems do not make a clear connection between these phases. While there are many valid models and concepts, when phases are treated as separate entities it tends to increase the amount of time and energy needed to successfully complete each. In turn, these misunderstandings lead many training and learning professionals to focus on aspects that are less valuable in developing effective training programs. Today's training and learning professionals often desire for programs to be created quickly which often leads to designers skipping important steps in developing an effective program. Many have asked if this better, more efficient way exists. The answer is the DACUM System. DACUM, standing for Develop A CurriculUM, was developed in 1968 by Robert E. Adams and has been successfully implemented by organizations world-wide. The DACUM System has experienced much success over they ears because unlike other instructional design systems, DACUM connects all the phases. Not only does the DACUM System connect all phases of instructional design, but it also can be done effectively in significantly less time than traditional instructional design. This book specifically focuses on the program/curriculum designer's role(often referred to as a coordinator) within the DACUM system and outlines everything one would need to build an effective DACUM learning program. Throughout this book we include specific models, illustrations and examples designed to walk potential program designers through the DACUM curriculum design process in greater detail than has ever been provided before. Also, within the book are strategies and techniques for effectively completing program development grids, orienting curriculum committees to the DACUM process, creating learning activities, designing printed and A/V materials, organizing Learning Activity Batteries, selecting human resources, implementing learning, evaluating learning, program refinement, and managing the DACUM learning program.




How Students Learn


Book Description

How do you get a fourth-grader excited about history? How do you even begin to persuade high school students that mathematical functions are relevant to their everyday lives? In this volume, practical questions that confront every classroom teacher are addressed using the latest exciting research on cognition, teaching, and learning. How Students Learn: History, Mathematics, and Science in the Classroom builds on the discoveries detailed in the bestselling How People Learn. Now, these findings are presented in a way that teachers can use immediately, to revitalize their work in the classroom for even greater effectiveness. Organized for utility, the book explores how the principles of learning can be applied in teaching history, science, and math topics at three levels: elementary, middle, and high school. Leading educators explain in detail how they developed successful curricula and teaching approaches, presenting strategies that serve as models for curriculum development and classroom instruction. Their recounting of personal teaching experiences lends strength and warmth to this volume. The book explores the importance of balancing students' knowledge of historical fact against their understanding of concepts, such as change and cause, and their skills in assessing historical accounts. It discusses how to build straightforward science experiments into true understanding of scientific principles. And it shows how to overcome the difficulties in teaching math to generate real insight and reasoning in math students. It also features illustrated suggestions for classroom activities. How Students Learn offers a highly useful blend of principle and practice. It will be important not only to teachers, administrators, curriculum designers, and teacher educators, but also to parents and the larger community concerned about children's education.




Deciding What to Teach and Test


Book Description

This is an invaluable resource (sold as part of a kit) for developing a curriculum which aligns teaching and testing




Curriculum Development in English for Academic Purposes


Book Description

This book introduces and explains a series of tools for curriculum renewal and revitalization in English for Academic Purposes (EAP) programs, based on the experiences of the authors in successfully implementing a new curriculum in a large EAP program in North America. The book focuses on the why and how of introducing curriculum change, while also engaging critically with the realities of day-to-day classroom practice and the important issue of teacher engagement. While maintaining a principles-driven approach, each chapter is also filled with tools, samples and case study examples, grounding the book in practice and making it an essential resource for language teachers, teacher trainers, and students on TESOL and related courses.




Curriculum Making in Europe


Book Description

In the context of profound social, political and technological changes, recent global trends in education have included the emergence of new forms of curriculum policy. Addressing a gap in the literature, this book investigates the ways in which curriculum policy is influenced, formulated, and enacted in a number of countries-cases in Europe.