H2: driving the future


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The Hydrogen Economy


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This book highlights the opportunities and the challenges of introducing hydrogen as alternative transport fuel from an economic, technical and environmental point of view. Through its multi-disciplinary approach the book provides researchers, decision makers and policy makers with a solid and wide-ranging knowledge base concerning the hydrogen economy.




Alternative Fuels


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The Hydrogen Economy


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The announcement of a hydrogen fuel initiative in the President's 2003 State of the Union speech substantially increased interest in the potential for hydrogen to play a major role in the nation's long-term energy future. Prior to that event, DOE asked the National Research Council to examine key technical issues about the hydrogen economy to assist in the development of its hydrogen R&D program. Included in the assessment were the current state of technology; future cost estimates; CO2 emissions; distribution, storage, and end use considerations; and the DOE RD&D program. The report provides an assessment of hydrogen as a fuel in the nation's future energy economy and describes a number of important challenges that must be overcome if it is to make a major energy contribution. Topics covered include the hydrogen end-use technologies, transportation, hydrogen production technologies, and transition issues for hydrogen in vehicles.




Driving the Future


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Now in paperback, with a new foreword by Fred Krupp, an expert's illuminating preview of the cleaner, lighter, smarter cars of the future. In Driving the Future, Margo T. Oge portrays a future where clean, intelligent vehicles with lighter frames and alternative power trains will produce zero emissions and run at 100+ mpg. With electronic architectures more like those of airplanes, cars will be smarter and safer, will park themselves, and will network with other vehicles on the road to drive themselves. As the director of the EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality, Oge was the chief architect behind the Obama administration’s landmark 2012 deal with automakers in the US market to double the fuel efficiency of their fleets and to cut greenhouse gas emissions in half by 2025. This was America’s first formal climate action using regulation to reduce emissions through innovation in car design. Offering an insider account of the partnership between federal agencies, California, environmental groups, and car manufacturers that led to the historic deal, Margo discusses the science of climate change, the politics of addressing it, and the lessons learned for policy makers. She also takes the reader through the convergence of macro trends that will drive this innovation over the next forty years and be every bit as transformative as those wrought by Karl Benz and Henry Ford. Driving the Future is for anyone who wants to know what car they’ll be driving in ten, twenty, or thirty years—and for everyone concerned about air quality and climate change now.




Hydrogen Fuel


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Dive into the Clean Energy Revolution with Hydrogen Fuel: A Comprehensive Guide As the world grapples with the urgent need to combat climate change, hydrogen fuel emerges as a beacon of hope. This versatile energy carrier holds immense potential to power a cleaner, more sustainable future across various sectors. Discover the Advantages of Hydrogen Fuel: Zero-Emission Operation: Unlike traditional fossil fuels, hydrogen fuel cells produce only water vapor as a byproduct, significantly improving air quality and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. High Efficiency: Fuel cells convert a higher percentage of chemical energy directly into electricity compared to combustion engines, leading to lower energy consumption and reduced environmental impact. Long Range and Rapid Refueling: Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) offer a driving range comparable to gasoline cars, with refueling times similar to filling a gasoline tank, making them convenient for long-distance travel. Quiet and Smooth Performance: Fuel cells operate silently, providing a more peaceful driving experience and reducing noise pollution in urban areas. Beyond Transportation: Hydrogen's applications extend to stationary power generation, industrial processes, and even maritime and aviation sectors, offering a versatile clean energy solution. Explore the Future of Transportation with Hydrogen Cars: Cleaner Air for Everyone: Widespread adoption of FCVs can significantly reduce tailpipe emissions, leading to cleaner air, improved public health, and a healthier planet. Sustainable Long-Distance Travel: With a range and refueling times comparable to gasoline cars, FCVs offer a viable alternative for long-distance journeys without compromising on convenience. Performance and Enjoyment: Hydrogen cars deliver instant torque and smooth acceleration, providing a responsive and enjoyable driving experience. Unveiling the Technology Behind Hydrogen Fuel Cells: Electrochemical Power: Fuel cells function like tiny power plants, converting the chemical energy stored in hydrogen directly into electricity through an electrochemical reaction. Types of Fuel Cells: Different fuel cell technologies exist, each with its own characteristics and applications, including PEMFCs for vehicles and SOFCs for stationary power generation. Challenges and Opportunities on the Road to a Hydrogen Economy: Overcoming Infrastructure Hurdles: Building a network of hydrogen refueling stations is crucial for widespread adoption, requiring significant investment and infrastructure development. Cost Reduction and Technological Advancements: Continued research and development are essential to improve the affordability and efficiency of fuel cell technology, storage solutions, and clean hydrogen production methods. Collaboration is Key: Governments, industries, research institutions, and individuals all play a vital role in fostering innovation, creating policy frameworks, and driving consumer adoption. Embrace a Sustainable Future Powered by Hydrogen: By working together, we can unlock the immense potential of hydrogen as a clean energy solution. This collaborative effort holds the key to a cleaner world, a diversified energy landscape, and a future powered by the most abundant element in the universe. Join the Hydrogen Revolution: Advocate for Policy Changes: Support policies that incentivize hydrogen adoption and infrastructure development. Choose Hydrogen-Powered Options: When available, opt for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles or appliances to demonstrate consumer demand and encourage further development. Spread Awareness: Educate others about the benefits of hydrogen to build public support for this clean energy solution. With a commitment to innovation and collaboration, hydrogen fuel has the potential to revolutionize the way we power our world, paving the way for a brighter and more sustainable tomorrow.




Electrify


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An optimistic--but realistic and feasible--action plan for fighting climate change while creating new jobs and a healthier environment: electrify everything. Climate change is a planetary emergency. We have to do something now—but what? Saul Griffith has a plan. In Electrify, Griffith lays out a detailed blueprint—optimistic but feasible—for fighting climate change while creating millions of new jobs and a healthier environment. Griffith’s plan can be summed up simply: electrify everything. He explains exactly what it would take to transform our infrastructure, update our grid, and adapt our households to make this possible. Billionaires may contemplate escaping our worn-out planet on a private rocket ship to Mars, but the rest of us, Griffith says, will stay and fight for the future. Griffith, an engineer and inventor, calls for grid neutrality, ensuring that households, businesses, and utilities operate as equals; we will have to rewrite regulations that were created for a fossil-fueled world, mobilize industry as we did in World War II, and offer low-interest “climate loans.” Griffith’s plan doesn’t rely on big, not-yet-invented innovations, but on thousands of little inventions and cost reductions. We can still have our cars and our houses—but the cars will be electric and solar panels will cover our roofs. For a world trying to bounce back from a pandemic and economic crisis, there is no other project that would create as many jobs—up to twenty-five million, according to one economic analysis. Is this politically possible? We can change politics along with everything else.




The Hype About Hydrogen


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Lately it has become a matter of conventional wisdom that hydrogen will solve many of our energy and environmental problems. Nearly everyone -- environmentalists, mainstream media commentators, industry analysts, General Motors, and even President Bush -- seems to expect emission-free hydrogen fuel cells to ride to the rescue in a matter of years, or at most a decade or two. Not so fast, says Joseph Romm. In The Hype about Hydrogen, he explains why hydrogen isn't the quick technological fix it's cracked up to be, and why cheering for fuel cells to sweep the market is not a viable strategy for combating climate change. Buildings and factories powered by fuel cells may indeed become common after 2010, Joseph Romm argues, but when it comes to transportation, the biggest source of greenhouse-gas emissions, hydrogen is unlikely to have a significant impact before 2050. The Hype about Hydrogen offers a hype-free explanation of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies, takes a hard look at the practical difficulties of transitioning to a hydrogen economy, and reveals why, given increasingly strong evidence of the gravity of climate change, neither government policy nor business investment should be based on the belief that hydrogen cars will have meaningful commercial success in the near or medium term. Romm, who helped run the federal government's program on hydrogen and fuel cells during the Clinton administration, provides a provocative primer on the politics, business, and technology of hydrogen and climate protection.




Fossil Fuel Hydrogen


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As the case for Climate Change mitigation becomes ever more pressing, hydrogen has the potential to play a major role in a low-carbon energy future. Hydrogen can drive the vehicles of tomorrow and also heat homes and supply energy to businesses. Much recent discussion in energy policy circles has considered ways in which greatly expanded electrification can meet the demand for low-carbon mobility and heating. Such narratives centre on the widespread use of renewable energy sources with occasionally surplus renewable electricity being used to produce hydrogen, for example by electrolysis. While such developments have a beneficial role to play, this book focuses on an alternative paradigm. This book considers a more evolutionary path involving the continued extraction and use of fossil fuels, most notably natural gas, but in ways that greatly reduce greenhouse gas emissions. In this way much established industrial capacity and know how might be transitioned to help deliver the low carbon future that the world so desperately requires. Presenting up-to-date energy policy recommendations with a focus on hydrogen from fossil fuels, the book will be of considerable interest to policymakers and energy researchers in academia, industry and government labs, while also offering a valuable reference guide for business developers in low-carbon energy, and for oil and gas industry analysts.




Hydrogen Production Technologies


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Provides a comprehensive practical review of the new technologies used to obtain hydrogen more efficiently via catalytic, electrochemical, bio- and photohydrogen production. Hydrogen has been gaining more attention in both transportation and stationary power applications. Fuel cell-powered cars are on the roads and the automotive industry is demanding feasible and efficient technologies to produce hydrogen. The principles and methods described herein lead to reasonable mitigation of the great majority of problems associated with hydrogen production technologies. The chapters in this book are written by distinguished authors who have extensive experience in their fields, and readers will have a chance to compare the fundamental production techniques and learn about the pros and cons of these technologies. The book is organized into three parts. Part I shows the catalytic and electrochemical principles involved in hydrogen production technologies. Part II addresses hydrogen production from electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) by decomposing organic compound into hydrogen in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs). The final part of the book is concerned with photohydrogen generation. Recent developments in the area of semiconductor-based nanomaterials, specifically semiconductor oxides, nitrides and metal free semiconductor-based nanomaterials for photocatalytic hydrogen production are extensively discussed.