Competition and Structure


Book Description

The essays in this volume, written by well-known economists and other social scientists from North America, Europe, and, in one case, Australia, share to an unusual degree a common concern with the competitive mechanisms that underlie collective decisions and with the way they are embedded in institutional settings. This gives the book a unitary inspiration whose value is clear from the new understanding and insights its chapters provide on important theoretical and practical issues such as the social dimension and impact of trust, the management of information in bureaucratic settings, the role of political parties in constitutional evolution, inter-level rivalry and reassignments of powers in federal and unitary systems of government, the impact of ethnicity and nationalism on federal institutions or arrangements, and the response of governments and overarching institutions of globalization





Book Description




Macro Federalism and Local Finance


Book Description

The design of a federal system to deal with growth, stabilization, and regional and local development issues is the primary concern of this volume, edited by Anwar Shah. The book provides analytical tools to address issues arising from globalization, localization, and regional integration. It discusses tax harmonization issues associated with subnational value added tax administration. It provides a framework for fiscal discipline in a federal system. Lessons from international experiences from policies to deal with lagging regions are drawn. The book empirically examines the effect of fiscal decentralization on the overall size of the public sector. Finally, it draws lessons from industrial countries' experiences on local governance. This important new series represents a response to several independent evaluations in recent years that have argued that development practitioners and policy makers dealing with public sector reforms in developing countries and, indeed, anyone with a concern for effective public governance could benefit from a synthesis of newer perspectives on public sector reforms. This series distills current wisdom and presents tools of analysis for improving the efficiency, equity, and efficacy of the public sector. Leading public policy experts and practitioners have contributed to the series.







Fiscal Federalism in Theory and Practice


Book Description

Over the past few decades, a clear trend has emerged worldwide toward the devolution of spending and, to a lesser extent, revenue-raising responsibilities to state and local levels of government. One view is that the decentralization of spending responsibilities can entail substantial gains in terms of distributed equity and macroeconomic management. The papers in this volume, edited by Teresa Ter-Minassian, examine the validity of these views in light of theoretical considerations, as well as the experience of a number of countries.




Small Business Tax Facts


Book Description

Starting a business or becoming self employed opens up a whole new world of tax considerations. This book will guide you through the fundamentals to ensure that you pay the taxes you need to but no more than that. In learning about the different types of tax and the sorts of deductions that businesses are entitled to you can have a better understanding of your small business tax and save time and money. Our tax companion: Makes sure you don’t miss any deductions by providing a comprehensive list of expenses that you as a small business or self employed owner claim, and explains them in detail with easy to follow examples Explains simply the key basic tax concepts that every taxpayer should know Provides details on how to do your accounting and what you need before preparing your tax return Takes you step by step through the process of completing the T2125 business tax return schedule along with examples Explores the more complex sections such as capital cost allowance, motor vehicle/car and home office expenses Takes you through the process of understanding and completing your GST/HST returns plus a special appendix on provincial sales taxes Discusses eligibility of common expenses that are less straightforward




Sales Tax


Book Description

What is Sales Tax A sales tax is a tax paid to a governing body for the sales of certain goods and services. Usually laws allow the seller to collect funds for the tax from the consumer at the point of purchase. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Sales tax Chapter 2: Tax Chapter 3: Goods and services tax (Canada) Chapter 4: List price Chapter 5: Fuel tax Chapter 6: FairTax Chapter 7: Excise tax in the United States Chapter 8: Ad valorem tax Chapter 9: Use tax Chapter 10: Indirect tax Chapter 11: Duty-free shop Chapter 12: Sales taxes in the United States Chapter 13: VAT-free imports from the Channel Islands Chapter 14: Tax-free shopping Chapter 15: Gross receipts tax Chapter 16: Excise Chapter 17: European Union value added tax Chapter 18: Taxation of digital goods Chapter 19: Taxation in the United Arab Emirates Chapter 20: Marketplace Fairness Act Chapter 21: Value-added tax (II) Answering the public top questions about sales tax. (III) Real world examples for the usage of sales tax in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Sales Tax.




Canadian Federalism


Book Description

Canadian Federalism is Canada’s leading text on federal institutions and processes. The fourth edition provides extensive updates and covers all the significant developments of the past decade, including Prime Minister Stephen Harper’s battles with the Supreme Court and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s efforts at a more co-operative approach to intergovernmental relations. It also features two entirely new chapters – one on criminal justice and criminal law, the other on comparative federalism. Specific topics include the Supreme Court’s renewed emphasis on co-operative federalism and a federal–provincial balance tilted more in favour of the provinces, the Trudeau government’s efforts to broker a deal between provinces over pipelines and carbon taxes as part of its commitment under the Paris Agreement, the strains imposed on federal–provincial relations with the influx of refugees, and the changing role of Ottawa and the provinces towards cities and in accommodating Indigenous rights. Examination of these key issues includes discussion of the implications of the 2019 federal election and recent provincial elections.




OECD Economic Surveys: Canada 2006


Book Description

This 2006 edition of OECD's periodic survey of Canada's economy finds strong economic performance but cautions that to maintain this performance, productivity must be increased and social policies must be put on a sustainable path. After reviewing ...